The Application of the Food Insulin Index in the Prevention and Management of Insulin Resistance and Diabetes: A Scoping Review.

The food insulin index (FII) is a novel algorithm used to determine insulin responses of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. This scoping review aimed to provide an overview of all scientifically relevant information presented on the application of the FII in the prevention and management of insulin resistance and diabetes. The Arksey and O'Malley framework and the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews 22-item checklist were used to ensure that all areas were covered in the scoping review.

Dietary Glycaemic Index Labelling: A Global Perspective.

The glycaemic index (GI) is a food metric that ranks the acute impact of available (digestible) carbohydrates on blood glucose. At present, few countries regulate the inclusion of GI on food labels even though the information may assist consumers to manage blood glucose levels. Australia and New Zealand regulate GI claims as nutrition content claims and also recognize the GI Foundation's certified Low GI trademark as an endorsement.

Extramammary Paget's disease of the vulva: An annotated review of the current literature.

Extramammary Paget's disease is a rare and unusual neoplastic entity that presents mainly on apocrine gland-bearing skin. The vulva is the most common site of involvement but any area of the anogenital skin can be affected. Due to its rarity, variable clinical course and deceptive histological appearance it has a high misdiagnosis rate and both gynaecologists and dermatologists have limited experience in its management.

Fluid management in diabetic-acidosis--Ringer's lactate versus normal saline: a randomized controlled trial.

Objective: To determine if Ringer's lactate is superior to 0.9% sodium chloride solution for resolution of acidosis in the management of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).

Design: Parallel double blind randomized controlled trial.

The correlation between C-reactive protein and toxic granulation of neutrophils in the peripheral blood.

Background: During inflammation, the serum concentrations of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6), and C-reactive protein (CRP) increase. A positive correlation between CRP and the percentages of neutrophils exhibiting toxic granulation during inflammation has been demonstrated, and that the fluctuations of CRP and toxic granulation of neutrophils were similar.

Objectives: We studied whether grading of toxic granulated neutrophils can be used as a surrogate marker for infection or inflammation, and also be an easier method than previously described methods.

Decreased CD10 Expression in the Bone Marrow Neutrophils of HIV Positive Patients.

Background: HIV-1 infection is associated with various quantitative and qualitative changes in haemopoietic cells. Clear distinction between primary myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and secondary dysplasia may not always be possible. Adjunctive analyses used in the diagnosis of MDS include cytogenetics and flow cytometry (FCM).

Is sedation indicated before spinal injections?

Study Design: Survey.

Objective: The purpose of this research was to help determine whether sedation is indicated before lumbar and cervical interventional pain management procedures, and additionally, to determine whether benzodiazepams are effective at controlling anxiety for these procedures.

Summary Of Background Data: The use of sedation before diagnostic and therapeutic epidurals seems to vary widely and no guidelines have been issued that address whether sedation is indicated and for which patients.

Measuring the glycemic index of foods: interlaboratory study.

Background: Many laboratories offer glycemic index (GI) services.

Objective: We assessed the performance of the method used to measure GI.

Design: The GI of cheese-puffs and fruit-leather (centrally provided) was measured in 28 laboratories (n=311 subjects) by using the FAO/WHO method.

A comparison of Christiana Spine Center's whiplash patients' course of illness to the guidelines set forth by the Quebec Task Force for Whiplash Associated Disorders.

In 1995, the Quebec Task Force on Whiplash Associated Disorders came out with guidelines for diagnosis and management of automobile related "whiplash" injuries to the neck. The task force reviewed the available literature and found it quite lacking, but nonetheless came up with a "best evidence synthesis" and based their recommendations on this. The purpose of this paper was to determine how frequently these guidelines were followed in a group of patients with whiplash who were referred to a spine specialist clinic in New Castle County, Delaware.

A survey: conscious sedation with epidural and zygapophyseal injections: is it necessary?

Background Context: Substantial variation exists regarding the use of sedation before interventional spine techniques. Patient preference should play an important role in decision making regarding the need for sedation. However, little is known about patients' anxiety levels before spinal injections and their perceptions about the necessity of sedation.

Lumbosacral transitional vertebrae: incidence in a consecutive patient series.

Background: Great variability exists in the reported frequency of transitional vertebra in the general population as well as in symptomatic lumbar spine patients.

Objective: To determine the occurrence rate of transitional vertebra in consecutive lumbar spine patients in our practice.

Design: A prospective, observational study

Methods: Plain films were viewed and the presence or absence of a lumbar transitional vertebra was documented.

Treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis with epidural steroid injections: a retrospective outcome study.

Objective: To determine patient satisfaction, relief of pain, frequency of injections, change of function, and subsequent surgical rate in patients who received epidural steroid injections (ESIs) for the diagnosis of lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS).

Design: Retrospective review conducted using a standard set of questions asked over the telephone, 6 to 36 months after the patient received an ESI.

Setting: An outpatient spine center.