Tile drain losses of nitrogen and phosphorus from fields under integrated and organic crop rotations. A four-year study on a clay soil in southwest Sweden.

In order to explore the influence of site-specific soil properties on nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) losses between individual fields and crop sequences, 16 drained fields with clay soils were investigated in a four-year study. Mean total N (TN) loss was 6.6-11.

A nationwide survey of the extent of autopsy in sudden unexplained death in epilepsy.

Sudden unexplained death in epilepsy is a catastrophic event that requires autopsy for definitive diagnosis. Lack of awareness of sudden unexplained death in epilepsy as an important cause of death in epilepsy has been observed among coroners and pathologists. This survey study of US coroners and medical examiners (MEs) assesses their postmortem examinations of persons with epilepsy who had died suddenly without obvious cause.

Coroner and medical examiner documentation of sudden unexplained deaths in epilepsy.

Background: Prevalence data for sudden unexplained death in epilepsy (SUDEP) are hampered by its underuse as a final diagnosis on death certificates in appropriate cases. Few data exist about how coroners (COs) and medical examiners (MEs) in the United States use the diagnosis of SUDEP.

Methods: A survey instrument that addressed demographics, professional background, annual cases of epilepsy, seizure history, percentage of post-mortem examinations, cause of death, and use of SUDEP as a diagnosis was sent to all COs and MEs in the United States.

Treatment of renovascular hypertension: one year results of renal angioplasty.

During the ten year period from 1981 to 1991, percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty (PTRA) was performed in 180 renal arteries in 137 patients, where the underlying renovascular disease was fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) in 30 patients (22%) and arteriosclerotic vascular disease (AVD) in 107 (78%). A preinterventional work-up and a re-evaluation of the patients after one year was designed for the assessment of the clinical, functional and technical outcome. Successful technical dilatation was achieved in 97% of procedures with FMD patients and in 82% of procedures with AVD patients.

Serum concentrations of calcitriol and PTH in hemo-dialysis patients on treatment with calcium carbonate.

The effects of calcium carbonate and aluminium hydroxide as phosphate binders were investigated in nine patients on chronic hemodialysis. Aluminium hydroxide, 1 g X 3, was given during four weeks followed by a period of four weeks without any phosphate binders and after this calcium carbonate, 2.5 g X 3, was introduced for four weeks.

Plasma noradrenaline and dopamine in renin-mediated hypertension.

Noradrenaline (NA) and dopamine (DA) have opposite effects on the kidney; NA causes vasoconstriction and increased sodium reabsorption while DA promotes vasodilation and natriuresis. In 15 patients investigated for renin-mediated hypertension measurements of plasma renin activity (PRA), NA and DA concentrations were made in arterial and renal venous blood from both kidneys before and after acute stimulation of renin release by i.v.

Renal function and upper urinary tract configuration following urinary diversion to a continent ileal reservoir (Kock pouch): a prospective 5 to 11-year followup after reservoir construction.

We followed 17 patients who underwent urinary diversion via a continent ileal reservoir (Kock pouch) with yearly examinations for 5 to 11 years postoperatively. The examinations involved control of renal function and configuration of the upper urinary tract. In 5 patients the upper urinary tract had become dilated during followup and in 2 of these renal scarring also had developed.

Longitudinal study of specific IgE and IgG antibodies in a patient sensitized to ethylene oxide through dialysis.

IgE and IgG antibodies to ethylene oxide (EO) were monitored by RAST and by ELISA in serum from a patient with hypersensitivity reactions during hemodialysis. Serum samples from the patient covering a 7-year period were analyzed. The changes in titers of IgE and IgG antibodies correlated to the time of EO exposure as well as to clinical symptoms.

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of ramipril in renal failure.

The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the novel angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor ramipril were studied in 6 patients with a glomerular filtration rate of less than 20 ml/min/1.73 m2 of body surface area. A single oral dose of 5 mg was given and serum concentrations of the compound and its diacid, the active metabolite (ramiprilat), as well as ACE activity, blood pressure and pulse rate were monitored for 28 days.

Hydration affects the result of a desmopressin test in adults.

Desmopressin tests to measure renal concentrating capacity, preceded by two different fluid regimens, have been compared in 19 adult subjects. The results show that peak osmolality in urine after 40 micrograms desmopressin intranasally is higher after fluid restriction. This observation confirms the need of a standardised fluid restriction before the desmopressin test.

Dissociation of renin and noradrenaline release in the renal circulation. Studies on patients with renal hypertension.

Plasma renin activity (PRA) and noradrenaline concentration (NA) were measured in the renal veins (V) and arterial blood (A) in 30 patients investigated for renin-mediated hypertension. Both PRA and NA concentrations in arterial blood were above our reference limits and they were positively correlated. In 18 of the patients renin secretion was unilateral from the diseased side.

Effects of cardiopulmonary bypass and prostacyclin on plasma catecholamines, angiotensin II and arginine-vasopressin.

Infusion of prostacyclin during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) reduces platelet activation, diminishes postoperative blood loss and decreases arterial blood pressure. In spite of continuous prostacyclin infusion, there is a delayed gradual rise in arterial pressure and resistance from low initial levels. We measured epinephrine (E), norepinephrine (NE), serotonin (5-HT), angiotensin II (ATII) and arginine-vasopressin (AVP) in plasma and carried out hemodynamic studies in 19 patients operated for coronary vascular disease.