Chitosan suspension enriched with phenolics extracted from pineapple by-products as bioactive coating for liposomes: Physicochemical properties and in vitro cytotoxicity.

The physicochemical stability of liposomes (L) loaded with bioactive compounds can be improved by coating them with chitosan, to give chitosomes (Ch). In addition, crosslinked chitosan can be obtained by using sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP). This study aimed to prepare L enriched with bioactive compounds extracted from pineapple by-products (PB) without coating or coated with chitosan or crosslinked chitosan-enriched with PB bioactive compounds, to obtain Ch and TPP-Ch, respectively.

Optimizing Encapsulation of Active Compounds of Carrot By-Product in TPP-Chitosomes.

Liposomes coated with chitosan by ionic gelation with tripolyphosphate (TPP-chitosomes) are interesting particles for stabilizing active compounds. However, the encapsulation condition must be optimized. The aim of this study was to optimize the encapsulation of phenolics and carotenoids of carrot pomace in TPP-chitosomes by using a Central Composite Design 2 and response surface methodology.

Uncovering the Counterfeit: A study of whiskey authenticity through volatile organic compound fingerprinting, aroma and color sensory analysis.

This study presents a method employing gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry and headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME-GC-MS), supplemented with chemometrics (Soft independent modelling of class analogies - SIMCA), to analyze volatile organic compound (VOCs) profiles in suspect whiskey samples. Furthermore, a sensory analysis of aroma and color was conducted with a panel of 52 non-trained volunteers to evaluate their ability to discriminate and preference for counterfeit whiskeys. The HS-SPME-GC-MS method successfully distinguished 41 seized samples from authentic beverages.

Global Research Trends on the Utilization of Nopal (Opuntia Sp) Cladodes as a Functional Ingredient for Industrial Use.

Although nopal cladodes are a valuable bioactive compound source, they have historically been underused. This review draws a parallel between quantitative and qualitative data from the most outstanding scientific research concerning nopal cladodes in the last five years by implementing a bibliometric analysis. Italy, Mexico, Brazil, and Morocco accounted for approximately 55% of the 111 articles selected for this review.

Evaluating how avocado residue addition affects the properties of cassava starch-based foam trays.

Avocado seed (AS) is an interesting residue for biopackaging because it has high starch content (41 %). We have prepared composite foam trays based on cassava starch containing different AS concentrations (0, 5, 10 and 15 % w/w) by thermopressing. Composite foam trays with AS were colorful because this residue contains phenolic compounds.

TPP-chitosomes as potential encapsulation system to protect carotenoid-rich extract obtained from carrot by-product: A comparison with liposomes and chitosomes.

The objectives of this study were to extract bioactive compounds from carrot by-products and evaluate their chemical stability after encapsulation in liposomes (L) coated either with chitosan (Ch) or using sodium tripolyphosphate for chitosan complexation (TPP-Ch). The main compounds quantified in this study were carotenoids and total phenolic compounds, which reached encapsulation efficiencies higher than 75%. The TPP-Ch charged with carrot extract showed greater particle size (90.

Synthesis of Antibacterial Hybrid Hydroxyapatite/Collagen/Polysaccharide Bioactive Membranes and Their Effect on Osteoblast Culture.

Inspired by the composition and confined environment provided by collagen fibrils during bone formation, this study aimed to compare two different strategies to synthesize bioactive hybrid membranes and to assess the role the organic matrix plays as physical confinement during mineral phase deposition. The hybrid membranes were prepared by (1) incorporating calcium phosphate in a biopolymeric membrane for in situ hydroxyapatite (HAp) precipitation in the interstices of the biopolymeric membrane as a confined environment (Methodology 1) or (2) adding synthetic HAp nanoparticles (SHAp) to the freshly prepared biopolymeric membrane (Methodology 2). The biopolymeric membranes were based on hydrolyzed collagen (HC) and chitosan (Cht) or κ-carrageenan (κ-carr).

Starch isolation from turmeric dye extraction residue and its application in active film production.

In this study, we have isolated starch from turmeric dye extraction residue by steeping in acid medium (AS), steeping in water (WS), or steeping in alkaline medium (KS) and assessed the filmogenic capacity of the resulting starches. We have also characterized the chemical composition, morphology, swelling power, solubility, crystallinity, and active properties of the AS, WS, and KS starches and investigated the mechanical, functional, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties of the corresponding films. The AS and KS starches showed lower apparent amylose content and higher purity, relative crystallinity, swelling power, and solubility than the WS starch.

Design of experiments (DoE) to develop and to optimize nanoparticles as drug delivery systems.

Nanotechnology has been widely applied to develop drug delivery systems to improve therapeutic performance. The effectiveness of these systems is intrinsically related to their physicochemical properties, so their biological responses are highly susceptible to factors such as the type and quantity of each material that is employed in their synthesis and to the method that is used to produce them. In this context, quality-oriented manufacturing of nanoparticles has been an important strategy to understand and to optimize the factors involved in their production.

Nopal cladode as a novel reinforcing and antioxidant agent for starch-based films: A comparison with lignin and propolis extract.

The potential use of nopal cladode flour (NC) as reinforcing/bioactive agent in cassava starch-based films was evaluated and compared with the use of propolis extract or lignin, which are commonly used for these purposes. Cassava starch-based films containing untreated NC (S-NC), NC treated at pH 12 (S-NC12), aqueous propolis extract at two different concentrations (SP1 or SP2), or lignin (S-L) were produced by the casting technique; glycerol was used as plasticizer. NC12 and NC affected the mechanical properties of the cassava starch-based film similarly as compared to propolis extract and lignin.

Structural modification of fiber and starch in turmeric residue by chemical and mechanical treatment for production of biodegradable films.

The dye extraction from turmeric rhizomes (Curcuma longa L.) is generated a residue with high starch content that in nature does not form film. Therefore, we decided evaluate how mechanical treatment (ball or cryogenic mill) and chemical treatment with alkali (NaOH 2.

Biodegradable foam tray based on starches isolated from different Peruvian species.

Starch was isolated from three Andean-native crops - arracacha (Arracacia xanthorrhiza), oca (Oxalis tuberosa), and sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) - for use as a raw material for the production of foam trays. The starches were characterized in their proximal composition, crystallinity, microstructure and thermal properties. The sweet potato starch showed the highest amylose content (42.

Soybean straw nanocellulose produced by enzymatic or acid treatment as a reinforcing filler in soy protein isolate films.

This work is a comparative study of the application of mercerized soybean straw (MSS) and nanocellulose produced by acid (CNCs) or enzymatic hydrolysis (CNFs) as reinforcing fillers in soy protein isolate (SPI) films. CNCs presented average dimensions of about 10 nm-thick and 300 nm-long with a crystallinity index of 57%, whereas CNFs have similar diameters, though with greater lengths (>1 μm), lower crystallinity index (50%) and greater thermal stability. Incorporation of 5% of CNCs and CNFs (g/100 g of SPI) improved the SPI film tensile strength by 38 and 48% respectively, and decreased the SPI film elongation at break when compared to control films.

Chemical treatment and characterization of soybean straw and soybean protein isolate/straw composite films.

This work investigated changes in the chemical composition and structure of soybean straw (SS) treated with alkali (NaOH 5% and 17.5%) and bleached with hydrogen peroxide (HO) or sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). Removal of the amorphous constituents increased the degree of crystallinity and the content of cellulose fibers particularly after reaction with high concentrations of alkali.

Formation of carrageenan-CaCO3 bioactive membranes.

The high biocompatibility and resorbability of polymeric membranes have encouraged their use to manufacture medical devices. Here, we report on the preparation of membranes consisting of carrageenan, a naturally occurring sulfated polysaccharide that forms helical structures in the presence of calcium ions. We incorporated CaCO3 particles into the membranes to enhance their bioactivity and mechanical properties.

Achira as a source of biodegradable materials: Isolation and characterization of nanofibers.

In this study, variations in the delignification and bleaching stages, acid hydrolysis and high-pressure homogenization, led to the development of 12 different treatments applied for obtaining nanofibers using fibrous residues arising from the starch extraction process from the achira rhizomes. The treatments were evaluated based on some properties and characteristics of nanofibers such as: morphology and size (by means of transmission electron microscopy), surface charge (by means of zeta potential measurements), crystallinity index (by means of X-ray diffraction analysis) and functional groups (by means of infrared spectroscopy). In general, the nanofibers showed particle diameters between 13.

Potential of Amaranthus cruentus BRS Alegria in the production of flour, starch and protein concentrate: chemical, thermal and rheological characterization.

Background: Amaranth is a little-known culture in Brazilian agriculture. Amaranthus cruentus BRS Alegria was the first cultivar recommended by Embrapa for the soil of the Brazilian scrubland. In order to evaluate the potential of this species in the production of flour, starch and protein concentrates, the latter products were obtained from A.