Exosomal microRNAs: implications in the pathogenesis and clinical applications of subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a severe acute neurological disorder with a high fatality rate. Early brain injury (EBI) and cerebral vasospasm are two critical complications of SAH that significantly contribute to poor prognosis. Currently, surgical intervention and interventional therapy are the main treatment options for SAH, but their effectiveness is limited.

Complete mitochondrial genome of (Collembola: Proisotominae).

The springtail is a cosmopolitan species that can be found in many different habitats, especially in soil ecosystems. It is considered to be a good indicator of soil health. In this study, mitogenome information was obtained, which could lay a foundation for future fauna studies.

Invasive Solitary Fibrous Tumor/Hemangiopericytoma of the Filum Terminale.

A 37-year-old man presented with a 7-year history of low back pain. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an intradural mass involving L5 vertebra impairment at the level of L4-L5. A L4-S1 laminectomy was performed.

Effect of maternal and embryonic factors on frozen-thawed IVF-ET outcome after pre-equilibration with hyaluronan.

Purpose: To systematically evaluate the effect of maternal and embryonic factors on in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) outcomes among Chinese patients after using hyaluronan-enriched transfer medium (HETM).

Methods: This retrospective study included 637 frozen-thawed ET cycles. Patients were divided into subgroups based on their maternal or embryonic status or treatment procedures.

Cited2 protein level in cumulus cells is a biomarker for human embryo quality and pregnancy outcome in one in vitro fertilization cycle.

Objective: To determine whether the levels of CBP/p300 interacting transactivator with ED-rich tail 2 (Cited2) protein in cumulus cells (CCs) derived from patients undergoing IVF related to infertility factors, embryo quality, and clinical outcomes in one IVF cycle.

Design: Retrospective analysis of human CCs.

Setting: Public hospital and university.

Restraint stress impairs oocyte developmental potential in mice: role of CRH-induced apoptosis of ovarian cells.

This study examined the role of CRH-induced ovarian cell apoptosis in the restraint stress (RS)-induced impairment of oocyte competence. Oocyte percentages of apoptotic cumulus cells (CCs) did not differ between stressed and control mice before in vitro maturation (IVM) but became significantly higher in stressed mice after IVM without serum, growth factor, and hormone. The level of Bcl2 mRNA decreased significantly in mural granulosa cells (MGCs) and ovarian homogenates after RS.

Psychological stress on female mice diminishes the developmental potential of oocytes: a study using the predatory stress model.

Although the predatory stress experimental protocol is considered more psychological than the restraint protocol, it has rarely been used to study the effect of psychological stress on reproduction. Few studies exist on the direct effect of psychological stress to a female on developmental competence of her oocytes, and the direct effect of predatory maternal stress on oocytes has not been reported. In this study, a predatory stress system was first established for mice with cats as predators.

Maternal-restraint stress increases oocyte aneuploidy by impairing metaphase I spindle assembly and reducing spindle assembly checkpoint proteins in mice.

Studies in both humans and animals suggest detrimental effects of psychological stress on reproduction. Although our recent study shows that maternal-restraint stress diminishes oocyte developmental potential, the mechanism behind this effect is unknown. This prompted us to study the potential role of maternal-restraint stress in the genesis of aneuploidy during meiosis I.

Glucose metabolism in mouse cumulus cells prevents oocyte aging by maintaining both energy supply and the intracellular redox potential.

Inhibiting oocyte postovulatory aging is important both for healthy reproduction and for assisted reproduction techniques. Some studies suggest that glucose promotes oocyte meiotic resumption through glycolysis, but others indicate that it does so by means of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). Furthermore, although pyruvate was found to prevent oocyte aging, the mechanism is unclear.

Maternal restraint stress diminishes the developmental potential of oocytes.

Although studies of both humans and animals suggest detrimental effects of psychological (restraint) stress on reproduction, reports concerning the direct effect of psychological (restraint) stress on the oocyte are few and conflicting. In the present study, a restraint system that allows mice free intake of feed and water while restraining their movement was established, and effects of maternal restraint on oocyte competence were examined by observing embryo development in vitro and in vivo. The results indicated that restraint stress applied to both gonadotropin-stimulated and unstimulated females during oocyte growth and maturation increased their plasma cortisol level but impaired ovulation and oocyte developmental potential.

MPF governs the assembly and contraction of actomyosin rings by activating RhoA and MAPK during chemical-induced cytokinesis of goat oocytes.

The interplay between maturation-promoting factor (MPF), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Rho GTPase during actin-myosin interactions has yet to be determined. The mechanism by which microtubule disrupters induce the formation of ooplasmic protrusion during chemical-assisted enucleation of mammalian oocytes is unknown. Moreover, a suitable model is urgently needed for the study of cytokinesis.

Mouse cumulus-denuded oocytes restore developmental capacity completely when matured with optimal supplementation of cysteamine, cystine, and cumulus cells.

Our objectives were to study how cysteamine, cystine, and cumulus cells (CCs), as well as oocytes interact to increase oocyte intracellular glutathione (GSH) and thereby to establish an efficient in vitro maturation system for cumulus-denuded oocytes (DOs). Using M16 that contained no thiol as maturation medium, we showed that when supplemented alone, neither cystine nor cysteamine promoted GSH synthesis of mouse DOs, but they did when used together. Although goat CCs required either cysteamine or cystine to promote GSH synthesis, mouse CCs required both.