Comparison of multi-phase contrast-enhanced T1-weighted volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination and fat-suppressed T2-weighted combined with diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in anal fistula evaluation.

Background: Anal fistula is a common anorectal disorder that significantly diminishes the quality of life for affected patients. Accurate preoperative evaluation of the fistula's traits is essential for customizing surgical strategies, improving patient outcomes, and reducing the likelihood of the disease returning. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of multi-phase contrast-enhanced fat-suppressed T1-weighted imaging using three-dimensional gradient echo sequence volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination (CE-FS-T1-3D-VIBE) and fat-suppressed T2-weighted imaging combined with diffusion-weighted imaging (FS-T2WI-DWI) sequence in delineating the characteristics of anal fistulas.

Epicatechin-mediated modulation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway alleviates senile cerebral ischemic/reperfusion injury.

Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated during cerebral ischemic reperfusion (CIRI) are crucial for subsequent tissue damage. However, despite the potential benefits of antioxidants reported in clinical applications, few have proven effective in treating CIRI, particularly in the elderly. Epicatechin (EC) is a catechol flavonoid monomer derived from natural tea plants.

Electrical Doping Regulation of Carrier Recombination Enhances the Perovskite Solar Cell Efficiency beyond 28.

With the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) exceeding 26.7%, achieving further enhancements in device performance has become a key research focus. Here, we investigate the impact of electrical doping in the perovskite layer using the drift-diffusion equation-based device physics model, coupled with a self-developed equivalent circuit model.

Model-free adaptive consensus design for a class of unknown heterogeneous nonlinear multi-agent systems with packet dropouts.

This paper studies the consensus problem for a class of unknown heterogeneous nonlinear multi-agent systems via a network with random packet dropouts. Based on the dynamic linearization technique, novel model-free adaptive consensus protocols with the data compensation mechanism are designed for both leaderless and leader-following cases. The advantage of this approach is that only neighborhood input and output data of the agents are required in the protocol design.

Regional Functionalization Molecular Design Strategy: A Key to Enhancing the Efficiency of Multi-Resonance OLEDs.

Herein, we propose a regional functionalization molecular design strategy that enables independent control of distinct pivotal parameters through different molecule segments. Three novel multiple resonances thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) emitters A-BN, DA-BN, and A-DBN, have been successfully synthesized by integrating highly rigid and three-dimensional adamantane-containing spirofluorene units into the MR framework. These molecules form two distinctive functional parts: part 1 comprises a boron-nitrogen (BN)-MR framework with adjacent benzene and fluorene units forming a central luminescent core characterized by an exceptionally rigid planar geometry, allowing for narrow FWHM values; part 2 includes peripheral mesitylene, benzene, and adamantyl groups, creating a unique three-dimensional "umbrella-like" conformation to mitigate intermolecular interactions and suppress exciton annihilation.

Highly Horizontal Oriented Tricomponent Exciplex Host with Multiple Reverse Intersystem Crossing Channels for High-Performance Narrowband Electroluminescence and Eye-Protection White Organic Light-Emitting Diodes.

Despite multiple-resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) emitters with small full-width at half maximum are attractive for wide color-gamut display and eye-protection lighting applications, their inefficient reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) process and long exciton lifetime induce serious efficiency roll-off, which significantly limits their development. Herein, a novel device concept of building highly efficient tricomponent exciplex with multiple RISC channels is proposed to realize reduced exciton quenching and enhanced upconversion of nonradiative triplet excitons, and subsequently used as a host for high-performance MR-TADF organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Compared with traditional binary exciplex, the tricomponent exciplex exhibits obviously improved photoluminescence quantum yield, emitting dipole orientation and RISC rate constant, and a record-breaking external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 30.

Optimizing the energy level alignment for achieving record-breaking efficiency in hot exciton deep red OLEDs.

To effectively compete with the quenching process in long-wavelength regions like deep red (DR) and near-infrared (NIR), rapid radiative decay is urgently needed to address the challenges posed by the "energy gap law". Herein, we confirmed that it is crucial for hot exciton emitters to attain a narrow energy gap (Δ) between the lowest singlet excited (S) state and second triplet excited (T) state, while ensuring that T slightly exceeds S in the energy level. Two proofs-of-concept of hot exciton DR emitters, namely αT-IPD and βT-IPD, were successfully designed and synthesized by coupling electron-acceptors ,-diphenylnaphthalen-2-amine (αTPA) and ,-diphenylnaphthalen-1-amine (βTPA) with an electron-withdrawing unit 5-(4-(-butyl) phenyl)-5H-pyrazino[2,3-]indole-2,3-dicarbonitrile (IPD).

Tailored apoptotic vesicles promote bone regeneration by releasing the osteoinductive brake.

Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that apoptotic vesicles (apoVs) derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs; MSC-apoVs) are vital for bone regeneration, and possess superior capabilities compared to MSCs and other extracellular vesicles derived from MSCs (such as exosomes). The osteoinductive effect of MSC-apoVs is attributed to their diverse contents, especially enriched proteins or microRNAs (miRNAs). To optimize their osteoinduction activity, it is necessary to determine the unique cargo profiles of MSC-apoVs.

Safety and Pharmacokinetic Assessment of the FIC CLDN18.2/4-1BB Bispecific Antibody in Rhesus Monkeys.

Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide, particularly in China, with over half a million new cases and over 400 thousand deaths in 2022. Zolbetuximab, a first-in-class investigational monoclonal antibody (mAb) targeting tumor-associated antigen CLDN18.2 which is highly expressed on gastric cancer cells, was recently reported to meet the primary endpoint in Phase III trial as first-line treatment in CLDN18.

Phase-Pure α-FAPbI Perovskite Solar Cells via Activating Lead-Iodine Frameworks.

Narrow bandgap cubic formamidine perovskite (α-FAPbI) is widely studied for its potential to achieve record‑breaking efficiency. However, its high preparation difficulty caused by lattice instability is criticized. A popular strategy for stabilizing the α-FAPbI lattice is to replace intrinsic FA or I with smaller ions of MA, Cs, Rb, and Br, whereas this generally leads to broadened optical bandgap and phase separation.

Surgical Essentials and 2-Year Follow-Up Results of Channel Repair in Endoscopic Transcorporeal Discectomy for Cervical Disc Herniation.

Objective: To evaluate long-term outcomes and surgical essentials of channel repair in endoscopic transcorporeal discectomy for cervical disc herniation.

Methods: From October 2019 to March 2020, 24 patients with cervical disc herniation underwent channel repair after percutaneous full-endoscopic anterior transcorporeal cervical discectomy. Five interventions were performed at C3-C4, 11 were performed at C4-C5, and 8 were performed at C5-C6.

Digital measurement method for comparing the absolute marginal discrepancy of three-unit ceramic fixed dental prostheses fabricated using conventional and digital technologies.

Background: In clinical practice, control of the marginal fit of fixed dental prostheses is hindered by evaluation method, which needs to be further improved to increase its clinical applicability. This study aimed to quantitatively analyze the absolute marginal discrepancy of three-unit ceramic fixed dental prostheses fabricated by conventional and digital technologies using a digital measurement method based on the digital impression technology and open source software.

Methods: A digital workflow and the conventional impression combined with the lost-wax heat-pressed technique were adopted to separately fabricate 10 glass ceramic fixed dental prostheses.

Effect of remaining pericervical dentin on biomechanical behavior of endocrown-restored molars with different materials: Three-dimensional finite element and Weibull analyses.

To evaluate the effect of remaining pericervical dentin (PCD) on the biomechanical behavior of endocrown-restored molars with different materials, six three-dimensional finite element (FE) models were reconstructed with different thicknesses and heights of pulp-chamber lateral dentinal wall (PCLDW). IPS Empress 2, In-Ceram Zirconia, and Lava Ultimate were selected as the materials. Compared with the Lava Ultimate FE models, the maximum tensile stress in the FE models using ceramics was higher in the endocrown and lower in the PCD surrounding it, and the overall failure probabilities with different PCLDW thicknesses and heights were similar, ranging from 9.

Inhibition of ERK downregulates autophagy via mitigating mitochondrial fragmentation to protect SH-SY5Y cells from OGD/R injury.

Background: Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) is the main cause leading to high mortality and neurological disability in patients with cardiac arrest/cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CA/CPR). Our previous study found that extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation, dynamin-related protein1 (Drp1)/Mitofusin2 (Mfn2)-dependent mitochondrial dynamics imbalance, and excessive autophagy were involved in the mechanism of nerve injury after CA/CPR. However, the specific pathological signaling pathway is still unknown.

Hot-Exciton Mechanism and AIE Effect Boost the Performance of Deep-Red Emitters in Non-Doped OLEDs.

Luminescent materials possessing a "hot-exciton" mechanism and aggregation-induced emission (AIE) qualities are well-suited for use as emitting materials in nondoped organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), particularly in deep-red regions where their ground state and singlet excited state surfaces are in proximity, leading to the formation of multiple nonradiative channels. However, designing molecules that artificially combine the hot-exciton mechanism and AIE attributes remains a formidable task. In this study, a versatile strategy is presented to achieve hot-exciton fluorescence with AIE property by increasing the first singlet excited (S ) state through modulation of the conjugation length of the newly created acceptor unit, matching the energy level of high-lying triplet (T ) states, and enhancing exciton utilization efficiency by employing suitable donor moieties.

Pioneering research on blue "hot exciton" polymers and their application in solution-processed organic light-emitting diodes.

An innovative novel category of polymeric hybridized local and charge-transfer (HLCT) blue materials prepared solution processing has yet to be reported. This study introduces three polymers, namely PZ1, PZ2, and PZ3, incorporating donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) structures with carbazole functioning as the donor and benzophenone as the acceptor. To regulate the luminescence mechanism and conjugation length, carbonyl and alkyl chains are strategically inserted into the backbone.

Confining donor conformation distributions for efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescence with fast spin-flipping.

Fast spin-flipping is the key to exploit the triplet excitons in thermally activated delayed fluorescence based organic light-emitting diodes toward high efficiency, low efficiency roll-off and long operating lifetime. In common donor-acceptor type thermally activated delayed fluorescence molecules, the distribution of dihedral angles in the film state would have significant influence on the photo-physical properties, which are usually neglected by researches. Herein, we find that the excited state lifetimes of thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters are subjected to conformation distributions in the host-guest system.

Stable Electron-Transport-Layer-Free Perovskite Solar Cells with over 22% Power Conversion Efficiency.

Due to their low cost and simplified production process, electron-transport-layer-free (ETL-free) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted great attention recently. However, the performance of ETL-free PSCs is still at a disadvantage compared to cells with a conventional n-i-p structure due to the severe recombination of charge carriers at the perovskite/anode interface. Here, we report a strategy to fabricate stable ETL-free FAPbI PSCs by in situ formation of a low dimensional perovskite layer between the FTO and the perovskite.

Endoscopic interventional therapies for tracheoesophageal fistulas in children: A systematic review.

Methods: An electronic literature search was performed using the keywords "tracheoesophageal fistula," "endoscopic," and "children" in the four major medical databases (Ovid, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science) right from inception to September 2022. All English language articles describing the endoscopic interventional therapies of TEF in children were reviewed. Two independent researchers screened eligible articles at the title and abstract level.

Flexible Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Device for Emerging Multifunctional and Smart Applications.

Quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs), owing to their exceptional performances in device efficiency, color purity/tunability in the visible region and solution-processing ability on various substrates, become a potential candidate for flexible and ultrathin electroluminescent (EL) lighting and display. Moreover, beyond the lighting and display, flexible QLEDs are enabled with endless possibilities in the era of the internet of things and artificial intelligence by acting as input/output ports in wearable integrated systems. Challenges remain in the development of flexible QLEDs with the goals for high performance, excellent flexibility/even stretchability, and emerging applications.

Sulfone-Embedded Heterocyclic Narrowband Emitters with Strengthened Molecular Rigidity and Suppressed High-Frequency Vibronic Coupling.

Sulfone-embedded heterocyclics are of great interest in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), however, exploring highly efficient narrowband emitters based on sulfone-embedded heterocyclics remains challenging. Herein, five emitters with different sulfur valence state and molecular rigidity, namely tP, tCPD, 2tCPD, tPD and tPT, are thoroughly analysed. With restricted twisting of flexible peripheral phenyl by strengthening molecular rigidity, molecular emission spectra can be enormously narrowed.

Three-point sectional-cast digital method for transferring the interocclusal relationship for full-mouth rehabilitation of worn dentition.

For full-mouth rehabilitation of worn dentition, "diagnostic" interim restorations are required to reestablish the interocclusal relationship. It is important but challenging to transfer the interocclusal relationship and to map the basic form and contour of interim restorations to the final restorations. Alignment of interim restorations and working casts is difficult when using digital workflows because of a lack of consistent hard tissue reference points.

Deciphering the Morphology Change and Performance Enhancement for Perovskite Solar Cells Induced by Surface Modification.

Organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have achieved great attention due to their expressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) up to 25.7%. To improve the photovoltaic performance of PSCs, interface engineering between the perovskite and hole transport layer (HTL) is a widely used strategy.