Protocol using ex vivo mouse brain slice culture mimicking in vivo conditions to study tumor growth and cell motility of glioblastoma cells.

Herein, we present an ex vivo approach to study glioblastoma (GBM) cell motility in viable mouse brain slice cultures, closely mimicking in vivo features. We detail the preparation and culturing of mouse brain slices followed by tumor cell injection, allowing for the analysis of different aspects of the cellular migration and invasion process. Our assay facilitates testing diverse perturbations including genetic modifications and treatments in a physiological context.

Formate promotes invasion and metastasis in reliance on lipid metabolism.

Metabolic rewiring is essential for cancer onset and progression. We previously showed that one-carbon metabolism-dependent formate production often exceeds the anabolic demand of cancer cells, resulting in formate overflow. Furthermore, we showed that increased extracellular formate concentrations promote the in vitro invasiveness of glioblastoma cells.

Mitochondria preserve an autarkic one-carbon cycle to confer growth-independent cancer cell migration and metastasis.

Metastasis is the most common cause of death in cancer patients. Canonical drugs target mainly the proliferative capacity of cancer cells, which leaves slow-proliferating, persistent cancer cells unaffected. Metabolic determinants that contribute to growth-independent functions are still poorly understood.

The gut microbial metabolite formate exacerbates colorectal cancer progression.

The gut microbiome is a key player in the immunomodulatory and protumorigenic microenvironment during colorectal cancer (CRC), as different gut-derived bacteria can induce tumour growth. However, the crosstalk between the gut microbiome and the host in relation to tumour cell metabolism remains largely unexplored. Here we show that formate, a metabolite produced by the CRC-associated bacterium Fusobacterium nucleatum, promotes CRC development.

Mitochondrial Mechanisms of LRRK2 G2019S Penetrance.

Several mutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase-2 (LRRK2) have been associated with Parkinson's disease (PD). The most common substitution, G2019S, interferes with LRRK2 kinase activity, which is regulated by autophosphorylation. Yet, the penetrance of this gain-of-function mutation is incomplete, and thus far, few factors have been correlated with disease status in carriers.

Metabolic Potential of Cancer Cells in Context of the Metastatic Cascade.

The metastatic cascade is a highly plastic and dynamic process dominated by cellular heterogeneity and varying metabolic requirements. During this cascade, the three major metabolic pillars, namely biosynthesis, RedOx balance, and bioenergetics, have variable importance. Biosynthesis has superior significance during the proliferation-dominated steps of primary tumour growth and secondary macrometastasis formation and only minor relevance during the growth-independent processes of invasion and dissemination.

Repeat Gamma Knife surgery for vestibular schwannomas.

Background: Gamma Knife (GK) surgery is a recognized treatment option for the management of small to medium-sized vestibular schwannoma (VS) associated with high-tumor control and low morbidity. When a radiosurgical treatment fails to stop tumor growth, repeat GK surgery can be proposed in selected cases.

Methods: A series of 27 GK retreatments was performed in 25 patients with VS; 2 patients underwent three procedures.

Hearing preservation and tumour control after radiosurgery for NF2-related vestibular schwannomas.

Objectives: We analyzed the effects of stereotactic radiosurgery on tumour control and cranial nerve function in patients with vestibular schwannomas (VS) secondary to neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2). Irradiation was performed with a Gamma Knife, model C equipped with a high-precision, robotized positioning system (APS).

Methodology: This study included 18 patients with 25 VSs secondary to NF2 that were treated from 2001 to 2010 with radiosurgery at our Gamma Knife Center.

Hearing outcome after gamma knife radiosurgery for vestibular schwannoma: a prospective Belgian clinical study.

Introduction: Leksel Gamma Knife (LGK) radiosurgery is a safe and efficient therapeutic approach for vestibular schwannoma (VS) with low side effects. The goal of radiosurgery is not necessarily to cause significant tumour necrosis or to obtain a complete radiographic response, but to halt the tumour's growth permanently through its biological elimination. The 2 major aims of radiosurgery for VS are long-term tumour control and functional hearing preservation.

Lobular capillary haemangioma of the nasal cavity during pregnancy.

Objective: We report a pregnant patient with a rapidly growing mass within the nasal cavity, which required pre-operative super-selective embolisation and subsequent removal under general anaesthesia after childbirth. We also discuss the clinical, radiological and histological characteristics of lobular capillary haemangioma, and its treatment.

Method: Case report and literature review.

Dosimetric and clinical analysis of spatial distribution of the radiation dose in gamma knife radiosurgery for vestibular schwannoma.

Objectives: We investigated variations in the distribution of radiation dose inside (dose inhomogeneity) and outside (dose falloff) the target volume during Gamma Knife (GK) irradiation of vestibular schwannoma (VS). We analyzed the relationship between some parameters of dose distribution and the clinical and radiological outcome of patients.

Methods And Materials: Data from dose plans of 203 patients treated for a vestibular schwannoma by GK C using same prescription dose (12 Gy at the 50% isodose) were collected.

Gamma knife radiosurgery for intralabyrinthine schwannomas.

Object: To analyze indications and technical specificities of treatment of intralabyrinthine schwannoma (ILS) by Gamma Knife radiosurgery.

Methods: Six patients were treated by Gamma Knife irradiation for a schwannoma arising from the cochleo-vestibular structures. Patients presented hearing worsening at different stages, tinnitus, imbalance and/or vertigo.

Irradiation of cochlear structures during vestibular schwannoma radiosurgery and associated hearing outcome.

Object: The purpose of this study was to measure the dose of radiation delivered to the cochlea during a Gamma knife surgery (GKS) procedure for treatment of patients with vestibular schwannomas (VSs), and to analyze the relationship between cochlear irradiation and the hearing outcome of these patients.

Methods: Eighty-two patients with VSs were treated with GKS using a marginal dose of 12 Gy. No patient had neurofibromatosis Type 2 disease, and all had a Gardner-Robertson hearing class of I to IV before treatment, and a radiological and audiological follow-up of at least 1-year after GKS.

Animal model for cholesteatoma induced in the gerbil: will the profiles of differentiation/growth-regulatory markers be similar to the clinical situation?

Introduction: Cholesteatoma is a benign tumor of the middle ear characterized by an aggressive and invasive potential. The only current treatment being surgery, it is important to have access to a reliable animal model to study and better understand cholesteatoma pathogenesis. Our study aimed to examine the biological validity of the most common experimental model of cholesteatoma: the Mongolian gerbil.

Role of intracanalicular volumetric and dosimetric parameters on hearing preservation after vestibular schwannoma radiosurgery.

Purpose: To analyze the relationship between hearing preservation after gamma knife radiosurgery (GKR) for vestibular schwannoma (VS) and some volumetric and dosimetric parameters of the intracanalicular components of VS.

Methods And Materials: This study included 82 patients with a VS treated by GKR; all patients had no NF2 disease, a Gardner-Robertson hearing class 1-4 before treatment, a marginal dose of 12 Gy, and a radiologic and audiologic follow-up > or =1 year post-GKR. The volume of both the entire tumor and the intracanalicular part of the tumor and the mean and integrated dose of these two volumes were correlated to the auditory outcomes of patients.

Regulation of expression of galectin-7 in human nasal polyps by budesonide.

Background: Nasal polyposis is a model for the study of inflammatory processes. We analyzed the expression of galectin-7, a growth regulator, in surface epithelium, glandular epithelium, and connective tissue in human nasal polyps, and examined the effect of the glucocorticoid budesonide on its expression in human nasal polyps ex vivo.

Methods: Using quantitative, computer-assisted microscopy and immunohistochemistry, we measured galectin-7 expression in nine nasal polyps obtained by surgical resection.

Carotid artery occlusion due to fulminant rhinocerebral mucormycosis.

Mucormycosis is a rare disorder with a potentially lethal course caused by an opportunistic fungus of the Phycomycetes family. Rhinocerebral mucormycosis (RCM) is an acute fulminant form of invasive fungal sinusitis occurring principally in individuals who are immunologically or metabolically compromised. This form originates from one of the paranasal sinuses and may spread to the orbit or the intracranial space either by direct extension or using the unique capability of spreading along vascular walls, leaving the bony structure intact.

Budesonide-dependent modulation of expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in a polyposis model: evidence for differential regulation in surface and glandular epithelia.

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a counterregulatory lymphokine for glucocorticoid action within the immune system. To provide further insights into the way expression of pleiotropically acting MIF is modulated by glucocorticoids, we investigated the influence of the glucocorticoid budesonide on the level of expression of MIF in a model of human nasal polyposis by quantitative immunohistochemical analysis. Ten nasal polyps obtained from surgical resection were maintained for 24 hours in the presence of 3 budesonide concentrations: 10, 50, and 250 ng/mL.

Respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartoma associated with nasal polyposis.

Hamartoma is a rare, non-neoplastic tumor characterized by an abnormal mixture of tissues, which are indigenous to the region. They are rare in the nasal cavity. We report a 79-year-old woman with an adenomatoid hamartoma in the left nasal cavity associated with nasal polyposis.

Preservation of hearing in vestibular schwannomas treated by radiosurgery using Leksell Gamma Knife: preliminary report of a prospective Belgian clinical study.

Introduction: Radiosurgery is an alternative to the microsurgical resection of vestibular schwannoma (VS). Since its introduction, radiosurgery has been used in more than 8000 patients with VS worldwide and the long term tumor control rates are reported to be 86 to 100%. The aim of this study is to report our experience with Leksell Gamma Knife (LGK) radiosurgery in the management of VS and to evaluate the serviceable hearing preservation rate after one-year follow-up.

Expression patterns of galectin-1 and galectin-3 in nasal polyps and middle and inferior turbinates in relation to growth regulation and immunosuppression.

Background: The term nasal polyposis describes benign growth processes in the nasal and sinus mucosa, which are mainly located in the middle meatus and never in the inferior meatus. As a step to define the biochemical determinants relevant for growth regulation, we focused on endogenous lectins known for anti-apoptotic (galectin-3) and immunomodulatory (galectin-1) activities.

Design: Using computer-assisted microscopy, we performed an immunohistochemical investigation defining the quantitative parameters of expression of galectin-1 and galectin-3 in 10 nasal polyps, 10 middle turbinates, and 10 inferior turbinates, all of which were obtained from surgical resection.

[Rehabilitation after shoulder rotator cuff surgery: in-patient or day-hospitalization (about 76 cases)].

Objective: To define criteria of orientation in day-hospitalized or in-patient after shoulder rotator cuff surgery.

Method: Population of 71 patients (53.2 years +/-7) (76 shoulders) operated for rotator cuff tear by the same surgeon, then treated by physical therapy either in day-hospitalization or in-patient.

Systemic leishmaniasis involving the nose.

A case of a patient, presenting with a granulomatous lesion of the anterior nasal septum mucosa spreading to the columella and the nasal floor, whereby leishmaniasis was diagnosed, is presented. The clinical and pathological aspects of this pathology, its diagnosis and treatment are reviewed.

[The oto-rhino-laryngology and cervico-facial surgery department].

ENT department was present at the opening of the hospital but its activity began to increase in 1989. Now all the fields of modern ENT are present due to the collaboration of physicians very specialized in otology, rhinology, laryngology and head and neck surgery. Drilled in all surgical techniques using the best technologies available, the members of our team are also working in collaboration with the Laboratory of Histopathology in the field of nasal inflammation, cholesteatoma and malignant tumors of head and neck area.