Individual health insurance data of antibiotic delivery in previous months as a tool to predict bacterial resistance of urinary tract infection: A prospective cohort study.

Objectives: We aimed to quantify the individual risk of antimicrobial resistance among patients with community-acquired Escherichia coli urinary tract infection (UTI) according to their antibiotic exposure over the previous 18 months.

Patients And Methods: French patients were prospectively recruited in two centers in 2015-2017. Resistance of isolates to amoxicillin (AMX), amoxicillin-clavulanate (AMC), third-generation cephalosporins (3GC), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), fluoroquinolones (FQ) and fosfomycin (FOS) was analysed according to previous intra-class and inter-class antibiotic exposure documented in health insurance files.

HIV rapid screening tests and self-tests: Be aware of differences in performance and cautious of vendors.

Background: Rapid tests for HIV testing are essential tools to achieve the 90-90-90 target of the World Health Organization. Many tests are available, some directly from websites. Evaluation of the performance of rapid tests, under close to real-life usage, is therefore needed to ensure accurate diagnosis in the context of the recommendation for their more widespread use.

Temocillin against Enterobacteriaceae isolates from community-acquired urinary tract infections: low rate of resistance and good accuracy of routine susceptibility testing methods.

Background: Temocillin is an old 'revived' antibiotic that may play an important role in the treatment of febrile urinary tract infection (UTI). Data regarding its activity against current Enterobacteriaceae isolates as well as the performance of routine susceptibility testing methods are, however, scarce.

Objectives: To determine the MICs of temocillin for Enterobacteriaceae strains reflecting the current epidemiology and to analyse the accuracy of three commercial methods.

Durability of immunogenicity and strain coverage of MenBvac, a meningococcal vaccine based on outer membrane vesicles: Lessons of the Normandy campaign.

Objectives: MenBvac® is an outer membrane vesicle (OMV)-based meningococcal vaccine. From 2006 to 2012, it was used to control a clonal B outbreak in Normandy (France). We aimed to analyse the durability of the response against the epidemic strain and coverage beyond the vaccine strain.

Antiretroviral Therapy as Prevention of … Pneumococcal Infections?

Background: Despite antiretroviral therapy, it is generally believed that the risk for pneumococcal infections (PnIs) is high among patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, most studies in this field have been conducted before 2010, and the proportion of virologically suppressed patients has drastically increased in these latter years thanks to larger indications and more effective antiretroviral regimens. This study aimed to re-evaluate the current risk of PnI among adult patients infected with HIV.

Genetic diversity and levels of expression of factor H binding protein among carriage isolates of Neisseria meningitidis.

The prevention of meningococcal disease may be improved by recombinant vaccines such as 4CMenB and rLP2086 that target the factor H binding protein (fHbp), an immunogenic surface component of Neisseria meningitidis present as one of three variants. Whether such vaccines decrease carriage of invasive isolates and thus induce herd immunity is unknown. We analyzed the genetic diversity and levels of expression of fHbp among 268 carriage strains and compare them to those of 467 invasive strains.

Myopericarditis complicated by pulmonary embolism in an immunocompetent patient with acute cytomegalovirus infection: a case report.

Background: Primary acute cytomegalovirus infection in immunocompetent patients is common worldwide. Infection is most often asymptomatic or occurs sub-clinically with a self-limited mononucleosis-like syndrome. More rarely, the infection may lead to severe organ complications with pneumonia, myocarditis, pericarditis, colitis and hemolytic anemia.

Impact of MenBvac, an outer membrane vesicle (OMV) vaccine, on the meningococcal carriage.

The aim of the study was to analyze the impact of MenBvac, an outer membrane vesicle (OMV) vaccine against P1.7,16 strains, on meningococcal carriage. During a B:14:P1.

Meningococcal carriage during a clonal meningococcal B outbreak in France.

The aim of this study performed in Normandy, France, was to analyze the pharyngeal meningococcal carriage at the peak of a clonal meningococcal B outbreak, which was subsequently controlled using an outer membrane vesicle vaccination. This cross-sectional study included randomly selected subjects aged 1-25 years. Carriers and non carriers were compared using unconditional logistic regression.

Evolution of immune response against Neisseria meningitidis B:14:P1.7,16 before and after the outer membrane vesicle vaccine MenBvac.

A meningococcal B:14:P1.7,16 outbreak in Normandy (France) was recently controlled using MenBvac, an outer membrane vesicle vaccine previously designed against the B:15:P1.7,16 strain.

From tailor-made to ready-to-wear meningococcal B vaccines: longitudinal study of a clonal meningococcal B outbreak.

Background: Outer-membrane-vesicle vaccines for meningococcal B outbreaks are complex and time consuming to develop. We studied the use of already available vaccine to control an outbreak caused by a genetically close strain.

Methods: From 2006 to 2009, all individuals younger than 20 years living in the region of Normandy, France, in which an outbreak caused by a B:14:P1.

Venous thrombosis in immunocompetent patients with acute cytomegalovirus infection: a complication that may be underestimated.

In the present study, we retrospectively studied clinical and laboratory findings associated with cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in immunocompetent patients. We focused on severe CMV infection. Among 38 patients, five had a severe form of infection: one had meningitis, one had symptomatic thrombocytopenia and three had venous thromboses with pulmonary embolism, a rarely described complication.

[Surgical-site infections following varicose vein surgery according to a continuous series of 408 interventions in a teaching hospital].

Objective: To determine the incidence of surgical-site infections (SSI) following varicose vein surgery in the vascular surgery ward of a French teaching hospital.

Patients And Methods: A prospective surveillance of SSI was conducted during one year, with a 30-day postoperative follow-up. SSI cases were identified by using the definitions of the Centers for Disease Control (CDC, USA).

[Travelers' knowledge of vaccines. A survey including 400 people having consulted an international vaccination center].

Unlabelled: The authors conducted a survey in an international vaccination centre. The aim of the study was to assess the travelers' knowledge of vaccines and to check their health record to determine the vaccination rate. We used a self-administered questionnaire and added vaccination certificates to the document.

Clinical aspects and prognostic factors of leptospirosis in adults. Retrospective study in France.

Background: Because early recognition and initiation of antibiotic therapy are important, clinicians should familiarize themselves with the clinical presentation of leptospirosis, and determine prognostic factors.

Patients And Methods: This study included all patients treated at Angers University Hospital between January 1995 and December 2005 for leptospirosis - both probable (cases combining epidemiologically suggestive features with compatible clinical, laboratory, and radiographic findings, with no other diagnosis envisioned) and confirmed (by finding microorganism on direct examination or culture of blood, urine or CSF, or by seroconversion or by a significant increase in the antibody titer between two samples). Severe leptospirosis was defined by hospitalization in the critical care department or need for renal dialysis.

[A new case of bat rabies in France].

Introduction: Bat rabies represents an emerging zoonosis in Europe and the only endemic cause of rabies in France.

Case Record: A 29 year-old woman was bitten at the hand by a bat. The diagnosis of bat rabies was positive and the viral strain was an European Bat Lyssavirus 1a.

Acute cytomegalovirus infection and venous thrombosis: role of antiphospholipid antibodies.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV)-induced thrombosis has been reported in immunocompromised patients, such as transplant recipients and patients with AIDS. Recent cases also describe thrombotic phenomena in immunocompetent patients with CMV infection. Various mechanisms may explain the role of CMV in thrombosis: this virus can damage endothelial cells, activate coagulation factors, and induce production of antiphospholipid (aPL) antibodies.

Predictive value of oral colonization by Candida yeasts for the onset of a nosocomial infection in elderly hospitalized patients.

The incidence of nosocomial yeast infections has increased markedly in recent decades, especially among the elderly. The present study was therefore initiated not only to determine the predictive value of oral colonization by yeasts for the onset of a nosocomial Candida infection in elderly hospitalized patients (> 65 years), but also to clarify the factors that promote infection and to establish a relationship between the intensity of oral carriage and the onset of yeast infection. During this prospective cohort study, 256 patients (156 women and 100 men with a mean age of 83 +/- 8 years) were surveyed for yeast colonization or infection.

[Key points.].

FOODBORNE BOTULISM, PREVENT AND TREATMENT:

[Key points.].

BOTULISM, A CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS:

[Foodborne botulism, prevent and treatment].

The United States and Europe agree that the treatment of botulism is based on symptomatical measures and, notably, on mechanical ventilation when the respiratory function is impaired. Opinions diverge regarding the specific treatment represented by anti-botulinum serum: used systematically in the United States and frequently in many European countries, France never uses it other than in a few cases. Identification of the contaminating foodstuff is a fundamental element in limiting extension of the disease.

[Foodborne botulism, epidemiologic aspects].

With a mean of 30 cases reported per year, following Italy, France ranks second in the European countries in terms of incidence of botulism. Food stuff of commercial origin, of artisanal or industrial manufacture fabrication, is increasingly implicated in the genesis of outbreaks of botulism. Moreover, the modern methods of conserving food (vacuum packed food, frozen food.

[Botulism, a clinical diagnosis].

Foodborne botulism results from the effect of a neurotoxin produced by a sporulated anaerobic bacillus called Clostridium botulinum. The mode of contamination occurs through the consumption of foodstuff, already contaminated by the neurotoxin. Following an incubation period that varies from 2 hours to 8 days, the symptoms start with intestinal problems.

[Efficiency of hepatitis C virus screening before and after blood transfusion].

Unlabelled: Efficiency of a viral hepatitis C screening strategy before and after blood transfusion has to be evaluated.

Methods: Four screening strategies were virtually applied to the population of transfused patients at Rouen University Hospital during 1996 and then compared : the first without any systematic HCV screening test; the second with systematic testing both before and 3 months after transfusion; the third with systematic testing both before and 6 months after transfusion ; the last defined as systematic testing before transfusion only. The efficacy (i.