Amino Acid Requirements for Nile Tilapia: An Update.

This review aims to consolidate the relevant published data exploring the amino acid (AA) requirements of Nile tilapia, , and to reach a new set of recommendations based on those data. There are still inconsistencies in lysine, sulfur-containing AA, threonine, tryptophan, branched-chain AA, and total aromatic AA recommendations in data that have appeared since 1988. This review finds that strain, size, basal diet composition, and assessment method may have contributed to the inconsistencies in AA recommendations.

Selective Manipulation of the Gut Microbiota Improves Immune Status in Vertebrates.

All animals develop in association with complex microbial communities. It is now well established that commensal microbiota is essential for the correct functionality of each organ in the host. Particularly, the commensal gastro-intestinal microbiota (CGIM) is a key factor for development, immunity and nutrient conversion, rendering them bio-available for various uses.