Objective and subjective cognitive outcomes one year after COVID-19.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate subjective cognitive, physical, and mental health symptoms as well as objective cognitive deficits in COVID-19 patients 1 year after infection.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Seventy-four patients, who contracted a SARS-CoV-2 infection in 2020, underwent an in-person neuropsychological assessment in 2021.

Cognitive, Mental Health, Functional, and Quality of Life Outcomes 1 Year After Spontaneous Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Prospective Observational Study.

Background: Patients with spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) frequently encounter cognitive dysfunction and mental health issues with negative effects on health-related quality of life (HR-QoL). Here, we aimed to describe the prevalence of cognitive deficits, mental health problems, and HR-QoL impairments 1 year after SAH.

Methods: In this prospective observational study, 177 patients with SAH admitted to our neurointensive care unit over a time span of ten years followed the invitation for an in-person 1-year follow-up, including a standardized neuropsychological test battery.

Understanding of Numerical Information during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Media news during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic often entail complex numerical concepts such as exponential increase or reproduction number. This study investigated whether people have difficulties in understanding such information and whether these difficulties are related to numerical competence, reflective thinking, and risk proneness. One hundred sixty-three participants provided answers to a numeracy scale focusing on complex numerical concepts relevant to COVID-19 (COV Numeracy Scale).

Language analysis of spontaneous descriptions of restless legs syndrome: Gender differences?

Patients with restless legs syndrome (RLS) use various terms when describing their symptoms. Whether gender might influence this has not been investigated so far. The aim of this study was to evaluate possible gender differences in spontaneous descriptions of RLS symptoms.

Handwriting in Alzheimer's Disease.

Background: Agraphia is a typical feature in the clinical course of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Objective: Assess the differences between AD and normal aging as regards kinematographic features of handwriting and elucidate writing deficits in AD.

Methods: The study included 23 patients with AD (78.

Differential Impact of Education on Cognitive Performance in Neurological Patients with Progressive Cognitive Decline.

Background: Education has a protective effect toward cognitive decline in advanced age and is an important factor contributing to cognitive reserve.

Objective: To elucidate the interaction effect of education and global mental status on cognitive performance of older patients with progressive cognitive decline.

Methods: This retrospective study included 1,392 patients.

Occupation-related effects on motor cortex thickness among older, cognitive healthy individuals.

Both, decline of sensorimotor functions and cortical thickness are known processes in healthy aging. Physical activity has been suggested to enhance the execution of daily routine activities and to extend the time of functional independence in advanced age. We hypothesized that cortical thickness of motor areas in retired individuals could be related to physical demands of the profession carried out during working life.

Sector Irradiation vs. Whole Brain Irradiation After Resection of Singular Brain Metastasis-A Prospective Randomized Monocentric Trial.

To minimize recurrence following resection of a cerebral metastasis, whole-brain irradiation therapy (WBRT) has been established as the adjuvant standard of care. With prolonged overall survival in cancer patients, deleterious effects of WBRT gain relevance. Sector irradiation (SR) aims to spare uninvolved brain tissue by applying the irradiation to the resection cavity and the tumor bed.

Decision making and framing effects in multiple sclerosis.

Background: Previous studies reported reduced decision-making abilities for patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) relative to healthy controls (HC). This study aimed to evaluate whether these problems arise when sampling information or when pondering about the evidence collected.

Methods: In a cross-sectional, controlled study, 43 relapsing-remitting MS patients (RRMS; Expanded Disability Status Scale 1.

Effects of Cognitive Functioning and Education on Later-Life Health Numeracy.

Introduction: Previous studies have shown an association between a high health numeracy and good cognitive functioning.

Objective: To investigate the moderation effect of education on this relationship and which brain structures support health numeracy.

Methods: We examined 70 healthy older persons (66% females; mean ± SD: age, 75.

Augmentation in restless legs syndrome: an eye tracking study on emotion processing.

Objective: To assess emotional processing and alexithymia in patients with restless legs syndrome (RLS) with augmentation versus those who never had augmentation.

Methods: We recruited 26 patients who had a history of augmentation (AUG), either current or past, 27 RLS patients treated with dopamine agonists who never had augmentation (RLS controls), and 21 healthy controls (HC). All participants were screened for impulse control disorders (ICDs).

Cognitive reserve does not support the retrieval of well-known proper names in older people.

Objective: To assess the role of cognitive reserve, age, gender and brain structure in proper name retrieval in advanced age.

Method: Performance in 2 naming tasks (asking for proper names or common names) and 2 memory tasks was assessed. In separate hierarchical regressions, we evaluated whether retrieval was predicted by gray matter thickness or volume in selected structures (Model 1) and whether the addition of age and gender (Model 2) or of education (Model 3) explained significantly more variance.

Cognition in multiple system atrophy: a single-center cohort study.

Objective: Cognitive impairment in multiple system atrophy (MSA) is common, but remain poorly characterized. We evaluated cognitive and behavioral features in MSA patients and assessed between-group differences for MSA subtypes and the effect of orthostatic hypotension (OH) on cognition.

Methods: This retrospective study included 54 patients with clinical diagnosis of possible and probable MSA referred to the Department of Neurology at Medical University of Innsbruck between 2000 and 2018.

Language Dominance in Patients With Malformations of Cortical Development and Epilepsy.

Language function may be reorganized in patients with malformations of cortical development (MCD). This prospective cohort study aimed in assessing language dominance in a large group of patients with MCD and epilepsy using functional MRI (fMRI). Sixty-eight patients (40 women) aged 10-73 years (median, 28.

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage is Followed by Pituitary Gland Volume Loss: A Volumetric MRI Observational Study.

Background: Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a devastating disease associated with high mortality and morbidity. Besides neurological sequelae, neuropsychological deficits largely contribute to patients' long-term quality of life. Little is known about the pituitary gland volume (PGV) after SAH compared to healthy referents and the association of PGV with long-term outcome including cognitive function.

Is an intact hippocampus necessary for answering 3 × 3? - Evidence from Alzheimer's disease.

Recent evidence has suggested that the hippocampus supports learning and retrieval of arithmetic facts during childhood and adolescence. Whether the hippocampus is also involved in retrieving overlearned arithmetic facts (such as 3 × 5 = 15) during adult age is open for investigation. In this study, we assessed whether patients with hippocampal atrophy due to Alzheimer's disease (AD) are still able to retrieve overlearned arithmetic facts from memory.

Wakeful resting and memory retention: a study with healthy older and younger adults.

Studies indicate that a brief period of wakeful rest after learning supports memory retention, whereas distraction weakens it. It is open for investigation whether advanced age has a significant effect on the impact of post-learning wakeful rest on memory retention for verbal information when compared to a cognitively demanding distraction task. In this study, we examined (1) whether post-learning rest promotes verbal memory retention in younger and older adults and (2) whether the magnitude of the rest benefit changes with increasing age.

Improvement of medical judgments by numerical training in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Background And Purpose: People with multiple sclerosis (MS) have to face important decisions with regard to their medical treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether a targeted cognitive training reduces framing effects and thus improves medical judgments.

Methods: This was a randomized, double-blind, cross-over study enrolling patients with relapsing-remitting MS and healthy controls (HCs).

The neuropsychiatric phenotype in CACNA1A mutations: a retrospective single center study and review of the literature.

Background And Purpose: CACNA1A encodes the α1 subunit of the neuronal calcium channel P/Q. CACNA1A mutations underlie three allelic disorders: familial hemiplegic migraine type 1 (FHM1), episodic ataxia type 2 (EA2) and spinocerebellar ataxia type 6 (SCA6). A clear-cut genotype-phenotype correlation is often lacking since clinical manifestations may overlap.

Cognitive Training Improves Ratio Processing and Decision Making in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Background: Patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) show lower decision making and ratio processing abilities as compared to healthy peers.

Objective: To evaluate whether cognitive training on number processing and/or executive functions improves performance on ratio processing and decision making under risk.

Methods: In a controlled cross-over study, patients with MCI (n = 23; mean MMSE 26.

Eye-Tracking Provides a Sensitive Measure of Exploration Deficits After Acute Right MCA Stroke.

The eye-tracking study aimed at assessing spatial biases in visual exploration in patients after acute right MCA (middle cerebral artery) stroke. Patients affected by unilateral neglect show less functional recovery and experience severe difficulties in everyday life. Thus, accurate diagnosis is essential, and specific treatment is required.

Risky Decision Making in Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy.

It is not known whether patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) differ from healthy people in decision making under risk, i.e., when the decision-making context offers explicit information about options, probabilities, and consequences already from the beginning.