LGBTQ+ Health Inequities in a Rural, Conservative Context: Alabama Compared with Other Southern States.

Objectives: There are no statewide statistics regarding the health of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) Alabamians. To fill this gap, we used data collected by the Southern Equality Research and Policy Center to compare Alabama with other southern US states regarding the health and well-being of LGBTQ+ people.

Methods: We tested for unadjusted differences between Alabama and other southern states using χ tests for dichotomous outcomes and the Wilcoxon rank-sum test for ordinal outcomes.

Ancestry dynamics and trait selection in a designer cat breed.

The Bengal cat breed was developed from intercrosses between the Asian leopard cat, Prionailurus bengalensis, and the domestic cat, Felis catus, with a last common ancestor approximately 6 million years ago. Predicted to derive ∼94% of their genome from domestic cats, regions of the leopard cat genome are thought to account for the unique pelage traits and ornate color patterns of the Bengal breed, which are similar to those of ocelots and jaguars. We explore ancestry distribution and selection signatures in the Bengal breed by using reduced representation and whole-genome sequencing from 947 cats.

Vasculitis Associated with Parrot Bornavirus 4 Infection in a Rose-Crowned Parakeet (Pyrrhurarhodocephala).

A 3-month-old, female rose-crowned parakeet (Pyrrhura rhodocephala) was found dead after a 24-h course of lethargy and passing blood-tinged faeces. Fine white streaks were seen in the pectoral muscles on necropsy. Microscopic examination revealed typical lesions of avian ganglioneuritis and vascular necrosis in the pectoral muscles, myocardium, kidneys, air sacs, adrenal glands, pancreas and thyroid gland.

Intestinal permeability and appetite regulating peptides-reactive immunoglobulins in severely malnourished women with anorexia nervosa.

Background & Aims: In the last decades, the role of microbiota-gut-brain axis has emerged in the regulation of eating behavior and in the pathophysiology of anorexia nervosa (AN) that remains poorly understood. Particularly, a gut-derived dysregulation of immune response has been proposed leading to immunoglobulins directed against appetite-regulating peptides. However, intestinal permeability in patients with anorexia nervosa has been poorly documented.

Intestinal-peritoneal Coelioscopy for the Diagnosis of a Mesothelioma in a Pet Chicken.

An adult female chicken, from a small backyard flock, was presented to the Ontario Veterinary College Avian and Exotics Service for evaluation of dyspnea and recurrent ascites. An antemortem diagnostic evaluation included a coelomocentesis, coelomic ultrasound, and a coelioscopy procedure. A sample of the fluid collected during the coelomocentesis was submitted for analysis and was determined to be a nonspecific modified proteinaceous transudate.

A Subset of Equine Gastric Squamous Cell Carcinomas Is Associated With Equus Caballus Papillomavirus-2 Infection.

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common neoplasm of the equine stomach. However, the mechanisms underlying malignant transformation are unknown. As papillomavirus-2 (EcPV-2) is a likely cause of some genital SCCs, we hypothesized that EcPV-2 is associated with a subset of equine gastric SCCs.

Acute liver failure requiring transplantation caused by ulipristal acetate.

Ulipristal has recently been suspected to be hepatotoxic by the European Medicines Agency but the evidence base for hepatotoxicity is sparse. This is a brief formal report of a patient administered ulipristal for 6-8 weeks and who developed acute liver failure leading to liver transplantation. The explanted liver showed extensive hepatocyte necrosis and inflammation compatible with drug-induced liver injury and cirrhosis.

Plasma Peptide Concentrations and Peptide-Reactive Immunoglobulins in Patients with Eating Disorders at Inclusion in the French EDILS Cohort (Eating Disorders Inventory and Longitudinal Survey).

Eating disorders (EDs) are increasingly frequent. Their pathophysiology involves disturbance of peptide signaling and the microbiota-gut-brain axis. This study analyzed peptides and corresponding immunoglobulin (Ig) concentrations in groups of ED.

Phenotypic characterization of immune cells in fetal tissues of cattle immunized and challenged with Neospora caninum.

The purpose of this work was to characterize the cellular phenotype in inflammatory infiltrates of fetal tissues from pregnant heifers immunized and experimentally challenged with Neospora caninum. Fetuses from 20 heifers separated into 5 groups were obtained. The experiment was designed as follow: Group A, heifers inoculated intravenously with live tachyzoites of Argentine strain NC-6 (n = 4); Group B heifers inoculated subcutaneously with soluble native antigen from the same strain formulated with immune stimulant complexes (ISCOMs) (n = 4); Group C heifers inoculated with recombinant proteins, rNcSAG1, rNcHSP20, rNcGRA7 formulated with ISCOMs (n = 4), Group D heifers inoculated subcutaneously with sterile phosphate buffered solution (n = 4) and Group E heifers inoculated subcutaneously with antigen-free ISCOMs (n = 4).

URINARY BLADDER TRANSITIONAL CELL CARCINOMA AND CARCINOMATOSIS IN A LINNAEUS'S TWO-TOED SLOTH, .

A 19-yr-old female Linnaeus's two-toed sloth () with a history of urinary incontinence, ascites, and behavioral changes was euthanized after diagnostic imaging revealed a large bladder mass. On gross necropsy, the sloth had a severely thickened bladder mucosa, partial urinary obstruction, and nonseptic exudate in the peritoneal cavity. Histopathology showed a malignant and highly invasive transitional cell (urothelial) carcinoma with transmural and intra-abdominal invasion and diffuse carcinomatosis.

Comparison of body composition assessment by DXA and BIA according to the body mass index: A retrospective study on 3655 measures.

Background And Aims: Body composition assessment is often used in clinical practice for nutritional evaluation and monitoring. The standard method, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), is hardly feasible in routine clinical practice contrary to Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) method. We thus aimed to compare body composition assessment by DXA and BIA according to the body mass index (BMI) in a large cohort.

Postoperative Rehabilitation May Reduce the Risk of Readmission After Groin Hernia Repair.

Thirty-day readmission after surgery has been proposed as a quality-of-care indicator. We explored the effect of postoperative rehabilitation on readmission risk after groin hernia repair. We used the French National Discharge Database to identify all index hospitalizations for groin hernia repair in 2011.

Changes and specificities in health behaviors among healthcare students over an 8-year period.

Background: Healthcare students are future health care providers and serve as role models and coaches to enhance behaviors for healthy lifestyles. However healthcare students face multiple stressors that could lead to adopting risk behaviors.

Objectives: To assess the changes in health risk factors among healthcare students between 2007 and 2015, and to identify specific health behaviors based on the curriculum in a population of healthcare students.

Effect of Helmet Use on Traumatic Brain Injuries and Other Head Injuries in Alpine Sport.

Introduction: Sport helmet effectiveness in preventing traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been repeatedly questioned. This study assesses the effect of helmet use on risk of TBI and other types of head injury (OTHI) in alpine sports.

Methods: From 2012 to 2014, data on the injured population were collected by physicians in on-mountain clinics in 30 French ski resorts, and interviews were conducted on the slope to sample a noninjured control population.

Maraba virus-vectored cancer vaccines represent a safe and novel therapeutic option for cats.

Direct killing of malignant cells combined with induction of tumour-specific immune responses makes oncolytic vaccines attractive for cancer therapy. We previously developed a heterologous cancer immunization strategy that utilized a replication-defective adenovirus-vectored primary vaccine encoding a tumour antigen followed by boosting with a replication-competent Maraba virus expressing the same antigen. To assess the safety of oncolytic Maraba virus-based booster vaccines and inform the design of clinical trials, we conducted translational studies in cats, which have immune systems that are similar to people and spontaneously develop cancers of comparable types and etiologies.

Evaluation of the effect of umbilical hernias on play behaviors in growing pigs.

Umbilical hernias (UH) are common in pigs and are an animal welfare concern. This study used an assessment of play behavior to evaluate the welfare of pigs with UH. Twenty-one grower pigs with UH and 17 without hernias (WUH) were assigned to 16 playing groups (PG) of 2 or 3 pigs (with at least 1 UH pig per PG).

Immediate interruption of sedation compared with usual sedation care in critically ill postoperative patients (SOS-Ventilation): a randomised, parallel-group clinical trial.

Background: Avoidance of excessive sedation and subsequent prolonged mechanical ventilation in intensive care units (ICUs) is recommended, but no data are available for critically ill postoperative patients. We hypothesised that in such patients stopping sedation immediately after admission to the ICU could reduce unnecessary sedation and improve patient outcomes.

Methods: We did a randomised, parallel-group, clinical trial at three ICUs in France.

Retro-orbital and disseminated B-cell lymphoma in a yellow-collared macaw .

A yellow-collared macaw was presented with unilateral left exophthalmia. The complete blood cell count and biochemistry revealed a heterophilic leukocytosis and elevation in liver parameters, respectively. A computed tomography scan showed a contrast-enhancing retrobulbar mass and hepatomegaly.

Postmortem findings in Ontario racehorses, 2003-2015.

Postmortem lesions and cause of death were evaluated retrospectively for 963 horses examined as part of the Ontario Racing Commission Death Registry over a 13-y period. The Death Registry was established in 2003 to identify factors leading to death or euthanasia of racehorses in this Canadian province. Postmortem examination was carried out on 56% of horses reported to the Death Registry and included Standardbred, Thoroughbred, and American Quarter Horses.

Expression of Kidney Injury Molecule-1 in Healthy and Diseased Feline Kidney Tissue.

Sensitive markers to detect acute kidney injury (AKI) in cats are lacking. Kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) is a promising marker of acute tubular injury in humans, and sequence and structure of feline KIM-1 have been determined. KIM-1 is shed into urine of cats with natural AKI.

Uterine angioleiomyoma in an African green monkey (Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus).

Background: A uterine neoplasm was observed, as an incidental finding, during post-mortem examination of a 26-year-old female multiparous African green monkey (Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus). The intramural, expansile, 2 to 3 cm well-demarcated, dark-red, nodular neoplasm was located on the anterior uterine body (corpus) wall.

Methods: The mass was examined by light microscopy and by immunohistochemistry.

Effect of early postextubation high-flow nasal cannula vs conventional oxygen therapy on hypoxaemia in patients after major abdominal surgery: a French multicentre randomised controlled trial (OPERA).

Purpose: High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen therapy is attracting increasing interest in acute medicine as an alternative to standard oxygen therapy; however, its use to prevent hypoxaemia after major abdominal surgery has not been evaluated. Our trial was designed to close this evidence gap.

Methods: A multicentre randomised controlled trial was carried out at three university hospitals in France.

Apnoeic oxygenation via high-flow nasal cannula oxygen combined with non-invasive ventilation preoxygenation for intubation in hypoxaemic patients in the intensive care unit: the single-centre, blinded, randomised controlled OPTINIV trial.

Purpose: High-flow nasal cannula oxygen (HFNC) has the potential to provide apnoeic oxygenation. We decided to assess in a proof-of-concept study whether the addition of HFNC to non-invasive ventilation (NIV) could reduce oxygen desaturation during intubation, compared with NIV alone for preoxygenation, in severely hypoxaemic intensive care unit (ICU) patients with respiratory failure.

Methods: We conducted a randomised, controlled, single-centre trial with assessor-blinded outcome assessment in patients admitted to the ICU.