Systematic identification of the role of gut microbiota in mental disorders: a TwinsUK cohort study.

Mental disorders are complex disorders influenced by multiple genetic, environmental, and biological factors. Specific microbiota imbalances seem to affect mental health status. However, the mechanisms by which microbiota disturbances impact the presence of depression, stress, anxiety, and eating disorders remain poorly understood.

Trends in diagnosis, referral, red flag onset, patient profiles and natural outcome of de novo cardiac amyloidosis and their multidisciplinary implications.

Background: Cardiac amyloidosis (CA) is often overlooked or misdiagnosed. Effects of growing disease awareness, diagnostic ameliorations and novel treatment options on CA diagnosis and management are scarcely reported.

Objective: To report trends in diagnosis, referral routes, clinical presentation, early onset diagnostic red flags and outcome in de novo CA subjects.

Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial of Vitamin K Antagonist Replacement by Rivaroxaban with or without Vitamin K2 in Hemodialysis Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: the Valkyrie Study.

Background: Vitamin K antagonists (VKAs), although commonly used to reduce thromboembolic risk in atrial fibrillation, have been incriminated as probable cause of accelerated vascular calcification (VC) in patients on hemodialysis. Functional vitamin K deficiency may further contribute to their susceptibility for VC. We investigated the effect of vitamin K status on VC progression in 132 patients on hemodialysis with atrial fibrillation treated with VKAs or qualifying for anticoagulation.

"White Thyroid" on Unenhanced Computed Tomography in Amiodarone-Induced Thyrotoxicosis Type 2.

Amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis is a common complication of long-term amiodarone treatment. In a patient with amiodarone-induced lung toxicity and amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis type 2 (AIT2), a "white thyroid" was incidentally observed on an unenhanced chest computed tomography (CT) scan. This "white thyroid" resembled a thyroid image on a contrast-enhanced CT scan.

Cone beam CT: non-dental applications.

Initially cone beam CT was almost exclusively used to perform dental radiology. However, the first generation CBCT systems were later increasingly used to study sinuses, facial and nose fractures, temporomandibular joints etc. 3D-cephalometric head and neck studies became possible once CBCT systems were available that allowed scanning of the complete head.

Coronary artery ectasia due to microfistulae.

The pathogenesis of coronary artery ectasia (CAE) is not fully understood and associated with a vast group of disorders. We present a rare case of CAE of the left coronary artery associated with microfistulae. Microfistulae bypass myocardial capillaries and decrease the distal blood flow.

[Sudden onset vertigo: imaging work-up].

Vertigo and dysequilibrium are a frequent cause of medical consultation. Clinical evaluation is essential. Some cases of vertigo are diagnosed clinically while others require imaging, sometimes emergently (suspected stroke).

Symptomatic arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy. A two-centre retrospective study of 15 symptomatic ARVD/C cases and focus on the diagnostic value of MRI in symptomatic ARVD/C patients.

Background: Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy (ARVD/C) is associated with sudden death in the young and heart failure in the elderly. The purpose is to review 15 symptomatic ARVD/C cases and also to describe the use of MRI as a diagnostic tool.

Methods And Results: This retrospective analysis includes 15 patients who presented with symptomatic ARVD/C.

MRI of the cranial nerves--more than meets the eye: technical considerations and advanced anatomy.

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is the method of choice to evaluate the cranial nerves. Although the skull base foramina can be seen on CT, the nerves themselves can only be visualized in detail on MR. To see the different segments of nerves I to XII, the right sequences must be used.

Imaging of intralabyrinthine schwannomas: a retrospective study of 52 cases with emphasis on lesion growth.

Background And Purpose: Only a few case reports and small series of intralabyrinthine schwannomas (ILSs) have been reported. The purpose of this study was to assess prevalence, MR characteristics, location, clinical management, and growth potential/patterns of ILSs in the largest series reported.

Materials And Methods: Lesion localization, MR characteristics, lesion growth, and clinical management were reviewed in 52 patients diagnosed with an ILS between February 1991 and August 2007 in 2 referral centers.

Evaluation of true diffusion, perfusion factor, and apparent diffusion coefficient in non-necrotic liver metastases and uncomplicated liver hemangiomas using black-blood echo planar imaging.

Purpose: To assess the added value of true diffusion (D), perfusion factor (f) and apparent diffusion coefficient at low b-values (ADC(low)) for differentiation between liver metastases and hemangiomas based on respiratory-triggered high-resolution Black-Blood Single-Shot SpinEcho Echo Planar Imaging (BB SS SE-EPI).

Materials And Methods: Twenty-five patients suspected for malignant colorectal liver lesions were included in this study. A total of 106 lesions were examined.

Splenic hamartoma presenting as an occasional asymptomatic finding.

We report a case of splenic hamartoma that was occasionally detected. Ultrasonography performed as a screening examination revealed a hypoechoic splenic lesion. A computed tomography and magnetic resonance examination were performed in order to characterize the lesion but failed to make a final diagnosis.

Improved focal liver lesion detection: comparison of single-shot diffusion-weighted echoplanar and single-shot T2 weighted turbo spin echo techniques.

The purpose of this study was to compare diffusion-weighted respiratory-triggered single-shot spin echo echoplanar imaging (SS SE-EPI) sequence using four b-values (b = 0, b = 20, b = 300, b = 800 s mm(-2)) and single-shot T2 weighted turbo spin echo (T2W SS TSE) in patients with focal liver lesions, with special interest in small (<10 mm) lesions. Twenty-four patients underwent routine MRI. The five sequences were compared qualitatively for image quality, lesion conspicuity and artefacts.

Aortopulmonary artery fistula in atherosclerotic pseudoaneurysm presenting with congestive heart failure after aortic valve replacement.

An exceptional case of a giant pseudoaneurysm of the atherosclerotic ascending aorta complicated by aortopulmonary fistulization twelve years after aortic valve replacement is presented. The patient underwent successful surgical repair. In patients with a marked atherosclerotic thoracic aorta presenting with congestive heart failure and an acquired continuous systolo-diastolic murmur, aortopulmonary fistula should be considered and differentiated from ruptured sinus of valsalva aneurysm.

An acute posterior myocardial infarction complicated with late pseudoaneurysm of the posterior wall.

Diagnostic image: An 80-year-old man is referred because of an acute posterior infarction. Because of persisting pain and apparition of a new murmur, an echocardiography is performed showing inferoposterolateral akinesis complicated by ventricular wall pseudoaneurysm. After discussing with patient and family, conservative therapy was continued.

External iliac artery fibrodysplasia.

We report a patient in the "atherosclerotic age" with symptomatic fibromuscular hyperplasia of both external iliac arteries. Our patient had a history of bilateral intermittent claudication secondary to a concentric narrowing of a long segment of both external iliac arteries. A typical associated involvement of both internal carotid arteries was present.

Lyme disease in childhood presenting as primary leptomeningeal enhancement without parenchymal findings on MR.

We report the MR appearance of a rare case of Lyme disease presenting as diffuse leptomeningeal enhancement in the absence of parenchymal lesions. In the appropriate clinical setting, one should consider Lyme disease in the differential diagnosis of meningeal enhancement.

Chronic focal fibrosing pancreatitis: detection by MRI.

The study of a 70-year-old woman with fibrosing pancreatitis, an uncommon variety of chronic pancreatitis, presenting as a discrete solid mass in the head of the pancreas, is reported. CT and US were non-diagnostic while ERCP and MR detected a focal anomaly. This case report stresses the sensitivity of MR in some pancreatic pathologies.