Perceived access and barriers to care among illicit drug users and hazardous drinkers: findings from the Seek, Test, Treat, and Retain data harmonization initiative (STTR).

Background: Illicit drug use (DU) and hazardous drinking (HD) among marginalized populations may be associated with greater barriers to care.

Methods: We used baseline data on the participants of the Seek, Test, Treat, and Retain data harmonization initiative. DU includes use of any illicit drugs within the past 6 months.

Metatranscriptomics profile of the gill microbial community during aquarium acclimatization at atmospheric pressure.

Background: The deep-sea mussels (Bivalvia: Mytilidae) are the dominant macrofauna subsisting at the hydrothermal vents site Menez Gwen in the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR). Their adaptive success in such challenging environments is largely due to their gill symbiotic association with chemosynthetic bacteria. We examined the response of vent mussels as they adapt to sea-level environmental conditions, through an assessment of the relative abundance of host-symbiont related RNA transcripts to better understand how the gill microbiome may drive host-symbiont interactions in vent mussels during hypothetical venting inactivity.

Risk of sudden sensorineural hearing loss in adults using phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors: Population-based cohort study.

Purpose: The objective of the study was to determine the risk of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) associated with use of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study in the MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters Database including adult men who initiated a PDE5 inhibitor (n = 377,722) and 1,957,233 nonusers between 1998 and 2007. Periods of drug exposure were assessed on a weekly basis based on pharmacy billing records, assuming use of 1 dose per week (current use).

Hospital and clinical care costs associated with atrial fibrillation for Medicare beneficiaries in the Cardiovascular Health Study and the Framingham Heart Study.

Background: Atrial fibrillation is increasingly prevalent as the US population ages and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Care for patients with atrial fibrillation can be costly, US health care costs are comparatively high, and there are few cost estimates available that incorporate detailed measurement of comorbidities and their effects on costs.

Methods And Results: In the Cardiovascular Health Study and the Framingham Heart Study, participants aged 65 years or older with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation were matched on age and follow-up time to referents free of atrial fibrillation.

Importance of the lipid-related pathways in the association between statins, mortality, and cardiovascular disease risk: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.

Purpose: Estimating how much of the impact of statins on coronary heart diseases (CHD), cardiovascular disease (CVD), and mortality risk is attributable to their effect on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), and triglycerides.

Methods: A semi-parametric g-formula estimator together with data from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (a prospective multi-center cohort study) was utilized to perform a mediation analysis. A total of 5280 participants, men and women of various race/ethnicities from multiple sites across the United States, were considered in the current study.

New statin use and left ventricular structure: Estimating long-term associations in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA).

Purpose: Only small and short-term studies have evaluated statins in relation to changes in heart structure. We estimated the association between new statin use and 10-year remodeling of the left ventricle.

Methods: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis collected data on statin use over approximately 10 years, conducting cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging at baseline and the 10-year exam.

Frequency of equivocation in surgical meta-evidence: a review of systematic reviews within IBD literature.

Objective: To assess the level of equivocation among level 1 evidence in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease and determine whether any predisposing factors are present.

Method: MEDLINE, Embase, CINHAL and Cochrane were searched from 2006 to 2017. Papers were scored using AMSTAR and categorised into surgical (S), medical (M) or medical and surgical (MS) groups.

A framework for an asset-informed approach to service mapping.

Background: Asset-informed approaches are increasingly emphasised in public health, but transferring this approach to planning health services requires prospective systematic methods. Asset-informed approaches to service-mapping have started to develop, but there are no standardised guidelines. These methods are becoming of particular interest, as nurses engage in population health activities.

Characterization of Byproducts from Chemical Syntheses of Oligonucleotides Containing 1-Methyladenine and 3-Methylcytosine.

Oligonucleotides serve as important tools for biological, chemical, and medical research. The preparation of oligonucleotides through automated solid-phase synthesis is well-established. However, identification of byproducts generated from DNA synthesis, especially from oligonucleotides containing site-specific modifications, is sometimes challenging.

Standoff Mid-Infrared Emissive Imaging Spectroscopy for Identification and Mapping of Materials in Polychrome Objects.

Microscale mid-infrared (mid-IR) imaging spectroscopy is used for the mapping of chemical functional groups. The extension to macroscale imaging requires that either the mid-IR radiation reflected off or that emitted by the object be greater than the radiation from the thermal background. Reflectance spectra can be obtained using an active IR source to increase the amount of radiation reflected off the object, but rapid heating of greater than 4 °C can occur, which is a problem for paintings.

Experiences and needs of carers of Aboriginal children with a disability: a qualitative study.

Background: Australian parents/carers of a person with a disability experience higher rates of depression, more financial stress, and are twice as likely to be in poor physical health than the general population. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples experience worse health, social and economic outcomes than other Australians, and those with a disability face 'double disadvantage'. This study aimed to better understand the experiences and needs of parents/carers/families of Aboriginal children with a disability.

Outcomes of Transcatheter Tricuspid Valve-in-Valve Implantation in Patients With Ebstein Anomaly.

We sought to describe the acute results and short- to medium-term durability of transcatheter tricuspid valve-in-valve (TVIV) implantation within surgical bioprostheses among patients with Ebstein anomaly (EA). Cases were identified from a voluntary, multicenter, international registry of 29 institutions that perform TVIV. Demographic, clinical, procedural, and follow-up data were analyzed.

Macroscale multimodal imaging reveals ancient painting production technology and the vogue in Greco-Roman Egypt.

Macroscale multimodal chemical imaging combining hyperspectral diffuse reflectance (400-2500 nm), luminescence (400-1000 nm), and X-ray fluorescence (XRF, 2 to 25 keV) data, is uniquely equipped for noninvasive characterization of heterogeneous complex systems such as paintings. Here we present the first application of multimodal chemical imaging to analyze the production technology of an 1,800-year-old painting and one of the oldest surviving encaustic ("burned in") paintings in the world. Co-registration of the data cubes from these three hyperspectral imaging modalities enabled the comparison of reflectance, luminescence, and XRF spectra at each pixel in the image for the entire painting.

Why Professional Football Players Chose Not to Reveal Their Concussion Symptoms During a Practice or Game.

Objective: To determine why professional football players in Canada decided not to seek medical attention during a game or practice when they believed they had suffered a concussion.

Design: Retrospective survey.

Setting: Preseason Canadian Football League training camps.

Relationship Between Physical Performance Testing Results and Peak Running Intensity During Professional Rugby League Match Play.

Duthie, GM, Thornton, HR, Delaney, JA, McMahon, JT, and Benton, DT. Relationship between physical performance testing results and peak running intensity during professional rugby league match play. J Strength Cond Res 34(12): 3506-3513, 2020-The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between individual athletes' physical characteristics and both the peak running intensities and the decline in peak running intensities during competition.

Soluble Inflammatory Markers and Risk of Incident Fractures in Older Adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study.

Several in vitro and animal studies have showed that inflammatory markers play a role in bone remodeling and pathogenesis of osteoporosis. Additionally, some human longitudinal studies showed suggestive associations between elevated inflammatory markers and increased risk of nontraumatic fractures. We examined several inflammatory markers and multiple fracture types in a single study of older individuals with extensive follow-up.

Behavioral activation in TFP: The role of the treatment contract in transference-focused psychotherapy.

Transference-focused psychotherapy (TFP) is a manualized evidence-based treatment for borderline and other severe personality disorders that is based on psychoanalytic object relations theory. Similar to other psychodynamic psychotherapies, TFP focuses on changing psychological structures, but also focuses on symptom and behavioral change, particularly the importance of being active (e.g.

Peculiar citric acid cycle of hydrothermal vent chemolithoautotroph Hydrogenovibrio crunogenus, and insights into carbon metabolism by obligate autotrophs.

The genome sequence of the obligate chemolithoautotroph Hydrogenovibrio crunogenus paradoxically predicts a complete oxidative citric acid cycle (CAC). This prediction was tested by multiple approaches including whole cell carbon assimilation to verify obligate autotrophy, phylogenetic analysis of CAC enzyme sequences and enzyme assays. Hydrogenovibrio crunogenus did not assimilate any of the organic compounds provided (acetate, succinate, glucose, yeast extract, tryptone).

Direct Oral Anticoagulants in the Real World: Insights Into Appropriate Prescribing and Medication Use.

Background Direct oral anticoagulants are convenient because of their fixed dosing and without laboratory monitoring. There are instructions on avoidance of moisture, no crushing of capsules, and administration with food for some direct oral anticoagulants. Whether patients adhere to this and are prescribed appropriate doses are unknown.

Cross-sectional association between soda consumption and body mass index in a community-based sample of twins.

Background: Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, such as soda, have been shown to play an important role in weight gain. Although soda consumption has been associated with body mass index (BMI) in many studies, it has been difficult to ascertain a true causal relationship between soda consumption and BMI for two reasons. First, findings have been based largely on observational and cross-sectional studies, with much less evidence from randomized controlled trials.

Pathways to Genome-targeted Therapies in Serous Ovarian Cancer.

Genome sequencing technologies and corresponding oncology publications have generated enormous publicly available datasets for many cancer types. While this has enabled new treatments, and in some limited cases lifetime management of the disease, the treatment options for serous ovarian cancer remain dismal. This review summarizes recent advances in our understanding of ovarian cancer, with a focus on heterogeneity, functional genomics, and actionable data.

Fluorescence imaging of bombesin and transferrin receptor expression is comparable to 18F-FDG PET in early detection of sorafenib-induced changes in tumor metabolism.

Physical measurement of tumor volume reduction is the most commonly used approach to assess tumor progression and treatment efficacy in mouse tumor models. However, it is relatively insensitive, and often requires long treatment courses to achieve gross physical tumor destruction. As alternatives, several non-invasive imaging methods such as bioluminescence imaging (BLI), fluorescence imaging (FLI) and positron emission tomography (PET) have been developed for more accurate measurement.

Traditional Long-Term Central Venous Catheters Versus Transhepatic Venous Catheters in Infants and Young Children.

Objectives: Children with congenital heart disease may require long-term central venous access for intensive care management; however, central venous access must also be preserved for future surgical and catheterization procedures. Transhepatic venous catheters may be an useful alternative. The objective of this study was to compare transhepatic venous catheters with traditional central venous catheters regarding complication rate and duration of catheter service.