High protein intake in neonatal period induces glomerular hypertrophy and sclerosis in adulthood in rats born with IUGR.

Background: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and postnatal nutrition are risk factors for cardiovascular and renal diseases in both humans and animals. The long-term renal effects of protein intake early in life remain unknown. The objective was to evaluate the effects of a neonatal feeding with high protein (HP) milk on renal functions and structure in IUGR male rats.

Long term metabolic impact of high protein neonatal feeding: a preliminary study in male rat pups born with a low birth weight.

Background & Aims: Nutrition received in early life may impact adult health. The aim of the study was to determine whether high protein feeding in neonatal period would have long term metabolic effects in an animal model of low birth weight infants.

Methods: Male rat pups born from dams receiving a low protein diet during gestation were separated from their mothers, and equipped with gastrostomy tubes to receive as their sole feeding a milk formula of either adequate protein (AP; n = 14; 8.

Alteration of the nutrient uptake by the udder over an extended milking interval in dairy cows.

Little is known about modifications of the mammary utilization of nutrients circulating in blood plasma when milk yield is strongly decreased by once-daily milking. A trial was carried out to describe the mammary nutritional adjustments linked to the downregulation of milk synthesis as milk accumulated over an extended milking interval in the bovine udder. Three Holstein dairy cows yielding 34.

Hypothalamus integrity and appetite regulation in low birth weight rats reared artificially on a high-protein milk formula.

High-protein (HP) milk formulas are routinely used in infants born with a low birth weight (LBW) to enhance growth and ensure a better verbal IQ development. Indirect evidence points to a link between an HP intake during early life and the prevalence of obesity in later life. We hypothesized that HP milk supplementation to LBW pups during early postnatal life would impact hypothalamic appetite neuronal pathways development with consequences, at adulthood, on energy homeostasis regulation.

Effects of glucose, propionic acid, and nonessential amino acids on glucose metabolism and milk yield in Holstein dairy cows.

Whole-body glucose rate of appearance (Ra) responses and milk lactose secretion were compared in dairy cows receiving duodenal infusions of glucose (Glc), a mixture of 5 nonessential amino acids (NEAAm), or ruminal infusions of propionic acid (C3). Four mid-lactation Holstein cows, fitted with both duodenum and rumen cannulas, were used in a 4 x 4 Latin square design with 14-d periods. Cows were fed a grass silage-based diet (Ctrl) that provided 88% of net energy of lactation and 122% of protein requirements.

Milking and feed restriction regulate transcripts of mammary epithelial cells purified from milk.

Feed restriction and once-daily milking (ODM) reduce milk yield in dairy cows and the amount of glucose taken up by the mammary gland. The modulation of mammary glucose uptake may be the consequence of modifications to glucose transport, capacity for lactose synthesis, and cell death in mammary epithelial cells (MEC). The aim was to demonstrate the usefulness of a new method to purify MEC from milk somatic cells and to examine the effects of feed restriction and ODM on mammary transcripts.

Adaptations of mammary uptake and nutrient use to once-daily milking and feed restriction in dairy cows.

The aim of this study was to gain a clearer understanding of the different levels of regulation involved in the reduction in milk yield in response to once-daily milking and feed restriction. The treatments were designed as a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of 2 milking frequencies (once- or twice-daily milking) and 2 feeding levels (70 or 98% of requirements determined 1 wk before the trial). The cows were surgically prepared to study the net mammary balance of the nutrients that are precursors of milk components.

Changes in mammary uptake and metabolic fate of glucose with once-daily milking and feed restriction in dairy cows.

The aim of this review is to better understand the regulation of milk yield in response to once-daily milking and feed restriction. Glucose is the principal precursor for the synthesis of lactose (a major osmotic agent in milk), and participates in determining the milk volume produced. When applying these two breeding factors, reductions in milk yield are associated with a reduction in milk lactose yield and in the arterial flow of glucose, due to a decrease in the mammary blood flow.

Increasing milking intervals decreases the mammary blood flow and mammary uptake of nutrients in dairy cows.

Increasing the milking intervals reduces milk yield. The aims of this study were to determine whether the reduction in milk yield could be explained by a decrease in mammary uptake of the nutrients or a decrease in the efficiency of the mammary gland in using the milk precursors to synthesize milk components, or both. In a Latin square design with 5 periods, 4 multiparous lactating dairy cows in midlactation were milked at 8-, 12-, 16-, or 24-h intervals over a period of 7 d.

Longer milking intervals alter mammary epithelial permeability and the Udder's ability to extract nutrients.

Increasing the milking interval decreases milk yield and modifies milk composition. To gain a clearer understanding of the regulation of milk yield and composition, a study was conducted to establish the response curves of nutrient extraction by the mammary gland and mammary epithelial permeability in response to increasing milking intervals. Four multiparous lactating dairy cows were milked at 8-, 12-, 16-, or 24-h intervals over a period of 7 d using a Latin square design.