protects against infection by regulating the autophagy of macrophages and maintaining gut microbiota homeostasis in C57BL/6 mice.

Unlabelled: (), a facultative intracellular bacterium, is an important zoonotic pathogen that causes abscesses and pyogenic granulomas. The relationship between gut microbiota and host health or diseases has received increasing attention. However, the role of gut microbiota in the process of infection is still unclear.

Characterization and epidemiologic analysis of mycoplasmal pneumonia of sheep in Qinghai Province.

Mycoplasmal pneumonia in sheep and goats usually result covert but huge economic losses in the sheep and goat industry. The disease is prevalent in various countries in Africa and Asia. Clinical manifestations in affected animals include anorexia, fever, and respiratory symptoms such as dyspnea, polypnea, cough, and nasal discharge.

Geniposide Attenuates Oxygen-glucose Deprivation/Recovery-induced Retinal Ganglion Cell Injury via Akt/Nrf-2 Signaling Pathway.

Background: Glaucoma is an eye disease. Its pathological process involves retinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R), which causes irreversible blindness in patients. Geniposide (Gen), a bioactive iridoid glycoside extracted from the fruit of gardenia, exhibits many biological effects, such as anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammation, anti-apoptosis, anti-endoplasmic reticulum stress, and anti-thrombotic effects.

Dual analysis of wild-type and attenuated and host cell transcriptomes revealed novel virus-host cell interactions.

Currently, the only available commercial vaccines for (ORFV) are live attenuated vaccines, which present a potential risk of reversion to virulence. Therefore, understanding the pathogenic mechanisms of different virulent strains of ORFV and host immune responses triggered by these viruses is crucial for developing new vaccines and interventions. In this study, we found that the attenuated strain downregulates the host innate immune response and antiviral activity.

Gut microbiota regulate migration of lymphocytes from gut to lung.

The community of microorganisms known as gut microbiota that lives in the intestine confers significant health benefits on its host, primarily in the form of immunological homeostasis regulation. Gut microbiota not only can shape immune responses in the gut but also in other organs. This review focus on the gut-lung axis.

ORFV entry into host cells via clathrin-mediated endocytosis and macropinocytosis.

Orf virus (ORFV), also known as infectious pustular virus, leads to an acute contagious zoonotic infectious disease. ORFV can directly contact and infect epithelial cells of skin and mucosa, causing damage to tissue cells. So far, the pathway of ORFV entry into cells is unclear.

Evolution of codon usage in genomes and its impact on the host.

The beef tapeworm, also known as , is a zoonotic tapeworm from the genus in the order Cyclophyllidea. is a food-borne zoonotic parasite with a worldwide distribution. It poses serious health risks to the host and has a considerable negative socioeconomic impact.

Orf Virus Detection in the Saliva and Milk of Dairy Goats.

Orf is a zoonotic and highly contagious disease caused by Orf virus (ORFV) infection. Orf outbreaks in sheep and goats usually lead to high culling rate and mortality in newborn kids and lambs, posing a great threat to the development of goat and sheep industry. Human Orf occurs direct contact with infected animals or fomites.

Immune Cells in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a complex and serious cardiopulmonary disease; it is characterised by increased pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular remodelling accompanied by disordered endothelial and smooth muscle cell proliferation within pulmonary arterioles and arteries. Although recent reports have suggested that dysregulated immunity and inflammation are key players in PAH pathogenesis, their roles in PAH progression remain unclear. Intriguingly, altered host immune cell distribution, number, and polarisation within the lung arterial vasculature have been linked to disease development.

Diaportones A-C: Three New Metabolites From Endophytic Fungus BZM-15.

Phytochemical investigation of BZM-15 led to one new -butyrolactone derivative, diaportone A (), one cyclopentenone derivative, diaportone B (), and one monoterpene derivative, diaportone C (), along with six known compounds (, , and ). Their structures as well as the absolute configurations were characterized by means of NMR, HRESIMS, and ECD spectroscopy and quantum chemistry calculation, respectively. Furthermore, all compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity and antibacterial activity, and compounds and displayed significant antiproliferative effects on three human cancer cell lines (SF-268, MCF-7, and HepG2) with IC values ranging from 3.

Rhytidhylides A and B, Two New Phthalide Derivatives from the Endophytic Fungus sp. BZM-9.

Two new phthalide derivatives, rhytidhylides A () and B (), together with ten known compounds (-) were isolated from cultures of sp. BZM-9, an endophyte isolated from the leaves of . Their structures were identified by an extensive analysis of NMR, HRESIMS, ECD, and through comparison with data reported in the literature.

Biflavonoids from as Potential Antitumor Agents for Intervention of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Four new biflavonoids (-) were isolated from together with a known biflavonoid derivative (). Their structures contained a rare linker of individual flavones to each other by direct C-3-O-C-4''' bonds, and were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic data, including HRESIMS, NMR and ECD data. All isolates significantly inhibited the proliferation of NSCLC cells (IC = 2.

Molecular Characterization and Elucidation of Pathways to Identify Novel Therapeutic Targets in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a life-threatening chronic cardiopulmonary disease. However, there are limited studies reflecting the available biomarkers from separate gene expression profiles in PAH. This study explored two microarray datasets by an integrative analysis to estimate the molecular signatures in PAH.

Interleukin-17 mediates inflammatory tissue injury during orf development in goats.

Orf is an epithelial zoonotic infectious disease caused by orf virus (ORFV). Mounting studies have shown that IL-17-driven neutrophil inflammation plays a central role in inflammatory skin diseases. However, whether IL-17 plays a similar role and how does it work in the pathogenesis of orf is unclear.

Rhytidhyesters A - D, 4 New Chlorinated Cyclopentene Derivatives from the Endophytic Fungus Rhytidhysteron sp. BZM-9.

Four new chlorinated cyclopentene derivatives, rhytidhyesters A - D (1:  - 4: ), were isolated from sp. BZM-9, an endophytic fungus from . The planar structures of compounds 1:  - 4: were mainly elucidated by 1D, 2D NMR, and HRESIMS data.

Analysis of codon usage patterns and influencing factors in rice tungro bacilliform virus.

Rice tungro bacilliform virus (RTBV) belongs to genus Tungrovirus within the family Caulimoviridae harbors circular double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). Rice tungro disease (RTD) caused by RTBV, responsible for severe rice yield losses in South and Southeast Asia. Here, we performed a systematic evolutionary and codon usage bias (CUB) analysis of RTBV genome sequences.

Genomic Features and Evolution of the Parapoxvirus during the Past Two Decades.

Parapoxvirus (PPV) has been identified in some mammals and poses a great threat to both the livestock production and public health. However, the prevalence and evolution of this virus are still not fully understood. Here, we performed an in silico analysis to investigate the genomic features and evolution of PPVs.

Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota maybe exacerbate orf pathology by promoting inflammatory immune responses.

Orf is a contagious disease caused by the epitheliotropic orf virus (ORFV) that mainly affects goats and sheep. Orf occurs worldwide and can cause great losses to livestock production. Mounting evidence has shown that gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in shaping the immune responses of the host and thus affecting the infection process of a wide range of pathogens.

The gut bacterial diversity of sheep associated with different breeds in Qinghai province.

Background: Gut microbiota play important roles in their co-evolution with mammals. However, little is understood about gut bacterial community of Tibetan sheep compared with other sheep breeds. In this study, we investigated the gut bacterial community in 4 different sheep breeds living in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) of China using high-throughput sequencing (HTS) technique.

Triterpenoids with antiproliferative activities from the twigs and leaves of .

One new pentacyclic triterpenoid, urs-12,16-dien-3-one (), together with twelve known pentacyclic triterpenoids (), were isolated from the twigs and leaves of . Their structures were characterized by their 1D- and 2 D-NMR spectra analysis and mass spectra studies. Furthermore, all isolated compounds were tested the inhibitory effect on proliferation of six human cancer cell lines , including NCI-H441, NCI-H460, A549, SKOV3, hela, and caki-1 cells.

Codon Usage Bias Analysis of Bluetongue Virus Causing Livestock Infection.

Bluetongue virus (BTV) is a double-stranded RNA virus with multiple segments and belongs to the genus within the family . BTV is spread to livestock through its dominant vector, biting midges of genus . Although great progress has been made in genomic analyses, it is not fully understood how BTVs adapt to their hosts and evade the host's immune systems.