Interaction of micro and nanoplastics (MNPs) with agricultural stored products and their pests.

Micro and nanoplastics (MNPs) pose significant environmental concerns due to their potential implications for ecosystems and human health. While previous research has primarily focused on the environmental impacts (aquatic ecosystem, soil health) of MNPs, this review investigates their interactions with agricultural stored products, specifically their effects on stored product pests and grain quality. MNPs can infiltrate grains through various pathways, including atmospheric deposition, plastic residues from cultivation, and pest activity.

F-FDG-PET/CT-based machine learning model evaluates indeterminate adrenal nodules in patients with extra-adrenal malignancies.

Background: To assess the value of an F-FDG-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT)-based machine learning model for distinguishing between adrenal benign nodules (ABNs) and adrenal metastases (AMs) in patients with indeterminate adrenal nodules and extra-adrenal malignancies.

Methods: A total of 303 patients who underwent F-FDG-PET/CT with indeterminate adrenal nodules and extra-adrenal malignancies from March 2015 to June 2021 were included in this retrospective study (training dataset (n = 182): AMs (n = 97), ABNs (n = 85); testing dataset (n = 121): AMs (n = 68), ABNs (n = 55)). The clinical and PET/CT imaging features of the two groups were analyzed.

Base-Promoted Reactions of Organostibines with Alkynes and Organic Halides to Give Chalcogenated ()-Olefins and Ethers.

Herein, with air-stable chalcogenated stibines (-ER) as organometallic chalcogenating reagents, we developed base-promoted ()-hydrochalcogenation of alkynes with DMSO/DMSO- as hydrogen/deuterium sources, giving chalcogenated ()-olefins in good yields and with excellent regioselectivity. These reagents, easily synthesized from halostibines with generated [Zn(ER)] at room temperature within a few minutes, could be also used in the base-promoted C()-S(Se) cross-coupling with C()-X and copper-catalyzed C()-S(Se) cross-coupling with C()-X (X = F, CI, Br, I) under mild conditions. This protocol could also be simply extended to organobismuth complexes (-ER) with good functional tolerance.

Pd-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of -Aryl Stibines with Halogenomethyl Arenes to Give Unsymmetirc Diarylmethanes.

Herein, we describe a general method for the synthesis of unsymmetric diarylmethanes from (hetero)aryl methyl halides and -aryl stibines. This protocol shows a broad substrate scope and a good functional group tolerance. Drug molecules, including beclobrate and bifemelane , and drug derivatives, including celecoxib , ibuprofen , and probenecid , were efficiently synthesized on a gram scale.

Pd-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Organostibines with Styrenes to Give Unsymmetric ()-Stilbenes and (1,3)-1,4-Diarylbuta-1,3-dienes and Fluorescence Properties of the Products.

A general and effective palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling of organostibines with styrenes to give ()-olefins was disclosed. By the use of an organostibine reagent, this method can produce unsymmetric ()-1,2-diarylethylenes and (1,3)-1,4-diarylbuta-1,3-dienes in good yields with high / selectivity and good functional group tolerance. Resveratrol and DMU-212 were synthesized in high yield.

Nickel- and Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions of Organostibines with Organoboronic Acids.

A strategy for the formation of antimony-carbon bond was developed by nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling of halostibines. This method has been applied to the synthesis of various triaryl- and diarylalkylstibines from the corresponding cyclic and acyclic halostibines. This protocol showed a wide substrate scope (72 examples) and was compatible to a wide range of functional groups such as aldehyde, ketone, alkene, alkyne, haloarenes (F, Cl, Br, I), and heteroarenes.

Two novel cocrystals of lamotrigine with isomeric bipyridines and in situ monitoring of the cocrystallization.

Crystal engineering strategy was applied to develop new solid forms of lamotrigine. Two novel cocrystals of lamotrigine forming with 4,4'-bipyridine (2:1) and 2,2'-bipyridine cocrystal (1:1.5) were successfully obtained by neat grinding and liquid assisted grinding.