The Applications of Electrochemical Immunosensors in the Detection of Disease Biomarkers: A Review.

Disease-related biomarkers may serve as indicators of human disease. The clinical diagnosis of diseases may largely benefit from timely and accurate detection of biomarkers, which has been the subject of extensive investigations. Due to the specificity of antibody and antigen recognition, electrochemical immunosensors can accurately detect multiple disease biomarkers, including proteins, antigens, and enzymes.

Simultaneous Determination of Xanthine and Hypoxanthine Using Polyglycine/rGO-Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode.

A novel electrochemical sensor was developed for selective and sensitive determination of xanthine (XT) and hypoxanthine (HX) based on polyglycine (p-Gly) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE). A mixed dispersion of 7 μL of 5 mM glycine and 1 mg/mL GO was dropped on GCE for the fabrication of p-Gly/rGO/GCE, followed by cyclic voltammetric sweeping in 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution within -0.

Polysaccharides Attenuate Rabbit Osteoarthritis by Regulating the Function of Macrophages.

polysaccharides (EUP) can regulate the immunity of macrophages, but the functional status of macrophages is related to osteoarthritis and synovial inflammation. The purpose of this study is to explore whether EUP has the effect of inhibiting osteoarthritis and its possible mechanism. MTT test was used to evaluate the appropriate concentration of EUP and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was conducted to detect the effect of EUP on gene expression in RAW 264.

Product-boosted fluorescence signal: a new approach for designing small-molecule probes for detection of peroxynitrite.

In situ self-assembled boronate ester comprising commercially available 2-formylphenylboronic acid and 2-(2',3'-bihydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole (BHBT) is explored for the detection of ONOO with product-boosted fluorescence. The self-assembly can detect ONOO in the endoplasmic reticulum of living cells.

Cyanide Boosting Copper Catalysis: A Mild Approach to Fluorescent Benzazole Derivatives from Nonemissive Schiff Bases in Biological Media.

An application of nucleophilic cyclization and oxidation of nonemissive Schiff bases via cyanide boosting copper catalysis to synthesize fluorescent benzazole derivatives in high conversion yield is disclosed. This approach is highlighted by broad substrate scope, fast reaction time, and mild conditions and can efficiently proceed in living cells or root tissues. Furthermore, this methodology can be applied for selective detection of Cu and CN.

Pueribacillus theae gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from Pu'er tea.

A novel bacterial strain, designated T8, isolated from ripened Pu'er tea, was investigated by using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Cells stained Gram-positive and were aerobic, sporogenous and rod-shaped with flagella. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed the strain belonged to the family Bacillaceae in the class Bacilli and represented an independent taxon separated from other genera.

Hierarchical self-assembly of squaraine and silica nanoparticle functionalized with cationic coordination sites for near infrared detection of ATP.

Optical activity of hierarchical supramolecular assemblies based on organic dyes would create multiple functional architectures. In this work, three kinds of silica nanoparticles with or without functional groups were synthesized. For the first time, silica nanoparticles can induce positively charged squaraine (SQ) to aggregate to form supramolecular assemblies.