The Evolution of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Teacher Training Programs for People Who Serve Historically Underrepresented Racial and Ethnic Groups.

Background: There is a lack of mindfulness instructors from underserved/underrepresented communities who have completed systematic mindfulness teacher-training programs to meet the growing demand for culturally responsive mindfulness training in those communities.

Objectives: To investigate strategies for increasing the representation of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) teachers who serve historically underrepresented racial and ethnic groups.

Methods: Conducted through 4 one-hour Zoom focus groups (n = 54; women = 74%), this study queried individuals with experience serving underrepresented racial and ethnic communities, and had mindfulness experience, on how to increase participation from underrepresented communities in mindfulness.

Is khat-chewing associated with HIV risk behaviour? A community-based study from Ethiopia.

This study examines the possible association between the stimulant khat and risky sexual behaviour that might aggravate the spread of HIV. A community-based cross-sectional survey involving 4 000 individuals and focus group discussions were conducted to assess the attitudes and perceptions of an Ethiopian population towards the habit of khat-chewing and its possible association with risky sexual behaviour. All participants in the focus group discussions and 38% of the survey respondents were of the opinion that behaviours associated with the mild narcotic effects of khat are conducive to casual sex, and hence constitute an increased risk for contracting and spreading HIV.

Seroepidemiology of hepatitis B virus in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: transmission patterns and vaccine control.

A community-based seroepidemiological survey of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia was conducted in 1994 to inform on the transmission dynamics and control of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Venous blood from 4736 individuals under 50 years of age from 1262 households, selected using stratified cluster-sampling, was screened for HBV markers using commercial ELISAs. HBsAg prevalence was 7% (95 % CI 6-8), higher in males (9%; 7-10) than females (5%; 4-6).

Seroepidemiology of measles in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: implications for control through vaccination.

We undertook a representative survey of measles antibodies in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 1994, to characterize immunity and transmission. Specific-antibody levels (IU/l) were determined by ELISA for 4654 sera from individuals aged 0-49 years (1805 < 15 years) collected by stratified household-cluster sampling. The proportion seronegative (< 100 IU/l) was 20% (95% CI: 16-25) in children 9-59 months old, declining to 9% (7-12) in 5-9 year olds, 5% (4-7) in 10-14 year olds, and < 1% in adults.

Higher prevalence of anti-HCV antibodies among HIV-positive compared to HIV-negative inhabitants of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Serum samples (n = 4,593) collected in 1994 as part of a representative household community survey of the population of Addis Ababa who were 0-49 years old were tested for hepatitis C (HCV) antibodies. A third generation ELISA was used for primary screening and a line immunoblot assay for confirmation. HCV antibody prevalence was 0.

Attitude and social consequences of tuberculosis in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Objective: To gain a better understanding of the attitude and social consequences of tuberculosis (TB) in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Design: A cross sectional survey using a structured questionnaire and a qualitative study based on the focus group discussion (FGD) technique.

Setting: Eight different kebeles (urban dwellers' associations) of six woredas (next higher administrative level to kebele).

Prevalence of bacterial pathogens in children with acute respiratory infection in Addis Ababa.

A study was conducted in the Ethio-Swedish Children's Hospital and different schools and kindergartens in Addis Ababa to determine the prevalence of bacterial agents that are associated with acute respiratory infection in children from 1998-1999. A total of 883 subjects were studied, out of which 77% were cases from the Ethio-Swedish Children's Hospital and 23% were controls from different schools and kindergartens. From each case and control throat and nasopharyngeal specimens were collected.

The cost of integrating hepatitis B virus vaccine into national immunization programmes: a case study from Addis Ababa.

National programmes of hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination are recommended by the World Health Organization for all countries. Countries suffering the highest burden of HBV disease are those most needy of universal vaccination, but are frequently of very low income and resources for health care are scarce. The introduction of HBV vaccination would inevitably stretch these resources further even with support of donor agencies.

Sero-epidemiology of rubella in the urban population of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

We conducted a community-based cluster sample survey of rubella sero-epidemiology in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia in 1994. Among 4666 individuals for whom complete data were available, rubella antibody prevalence was 91% (95% confidence interval: 90, 92). On multivariable analysis, seroprevalence was lower among individuals who were resident in Addis Ababa for 1 year or less.

A comparison of oral fluid and serum for the detection of rubella-specific antibodies in a community study in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Objective: To assess the utility of oral fluid compared with serum for the determination of age-prevalence of rubella-specific antibodies in an urban African community setting.

Method: Paired serum and oral fluid samples were collected from 439 individuals aged 0-49 years in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, as part of a larger seroepidemiological survey in 1994. Oral fluid was sampled using a simple sponge device that was well accepted by subjects of all ages; venous blood was collected by Vacutainer system.

Age- and sex-specific HIV-1 prevalence in the urban community setting of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Objective: To estimate the age and sex-specific prevalence of HIV infection in the population of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Design: Two-stage cluster sampling of the population aged 0-49 years of Addis Ababa, using kebeles (urban dwelling associations) as clusters.

Methods: The sera used for this study were collected in an earlier study (1994) on the rate of acquisition of antibodies against measles, rubella, and hepatitis B.

Plasmodium vivax and P. falciparum epidemiology in Gambella, south-west Ethiopia.

Plasmodium vivax and P. falciparum epidemiology were studied for parasitological and entomological samples collected during the period 1989 and 1990, respectively, from Gambella, South West Ethiopia. Of the total population examined (n = 1091), 147 (13.

Prevalence of hookworm infection and its association with low haematocrit among resettlers in Gambela, Ethiopia.

A cross-sectional survey of hookworm infection and haematocrit (HCT) levels was conducted in 7 resettled villages and 3 indigenous villages on sample populations selected by two-stage random sampling. Of 614 resettled persons and 187 indigenous persons, 65.5% and 60.