Kappa free light chain and neurofilament light independently predict early multiple sclerosis disease activity-a cohort study.

Background: Inter-individual courses of multiple sclerosis (MS) are extremely variable. The objective of this study was to investigate whether κ-free light chain (κ-FLC) index and serum neurofilament light (sNfL) have an additive predictive value for MS disease activity.

Methods: Patients with early MS who had cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum sampling at disease onset were followed for four years.

Kappa-Free Light Chains in CSF Predict Early Multiple Sclerosis Disease Activity.

Objective: To investigate whether κ-free light chain (κ-FLC) index predicts multiple sclerosis (MS) disease activity independent of demographics, clinical characteristics, and MRI findings.

Methods: Patients with early MS who had CSF and serum sampling at disease onset were followed for 4 years. At baseline, age, sex, type of symptoms, corticosteroid treatment, and number of T2 hyperintense (T2L) and contrast-enhancing T1 lesions (CELs) on MRI were determined.

Free light chains in the cerebrospinal fluid. Comparison of different methods to determine intrathecal synthesis.

Background Free light chains (FLC) have been proposed as diagnostic biomarkers in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with inflammatory central nervous system (CNS) diseases. However, which method to use for determining an intrathecal FLC synthesis has not yet been clarified. The objective of this study was to compare the diagnostic performance of CSF FLC concentration, FLC quotient (QFLC), FLC index and FLC intrathecal fraction (FLCIF).

Cerebrospinal fluid free light chains as diagnostic biomarker in neuroborreliosis.

Background: Free light chains (FLC) have been proposed as diagnostic biomarker in patients with inflammatory central nervous system diseases. The objective of this study was to investigate the diagnostic utility of intrathecal κ- and λ-FLC synthesis in patients with neuroborreliosis.

Methods: κ- and λ-FLC were measured by nephelometry under blinded conditions in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum sample pairs of 34 patients with neuroborreliosis and compared to a cohort of 420 control patients.

Suppression of the noninvolved pair of the myeloma isotype correlates with poor survival in newly diagnosed and relapsed/refractory patients with myeloma.

Heavy light chain (HLC) assays allow precise measurement of the monoclonal and of the noninvolved polyclonal immunoglobulins of the same isotype as the M-protein (e.g., monoclonal IgAκ and polyclonal IgAλ in case of an IgAκ myeloma), which was not possible before.

Validation of kappa free light chains as a diagnostic biomarker in multiple sclerosis and clinically isolated syndrome: A multicenter study.

Background: Kappa free light chains (KFLCs) have been proposed as a diagnostic biomarker in patients with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) and multiple sclerosis (MS).

Objective: The objective of this paper is to validate the diagnostic accuracy of intrathecal KFLC synthesis in a multicenter study.

Methods: KFLCs were measured by nephelometry under blinded conditions in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum sample pairs of patients with CIS (n = 60), MS (n = 60) and other neurological diseases (n = 60) from four different MS centers.

Kappa free light chains: diagnostic and prognostic relevance in MS and CIS.

Background: Quantification of kappa free light chains (KFLC) in cerebrospinal fluid shows high diagnostic sensitivity in multiple sclerosis and clinically isolated syndrome patients. However, a clearly defined threshold value is still missing and a possible prognostic value of the KFLC levels in these patients remains undefined.

Methods: Results of KFLC quantification in 420 controls were used to set an upper limit of normal KFLC concentration in CSF under different blood-CSF-barrier conditions.

Elevated levels of kappa free light chains in CSF support the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis.

Background: Numerous studies have demonstrated elevated kappa free light chains (KFLCs) in CSF of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. However, so far only small cohorts have been examined, and generally only through qualitative KFLCs analysis. Using a recently developed free light chain (FLC) immunoassay, it is now possible to quantitatively measure KFLCs by automated nephelometry.