Ultra-Hypofractionated vs. Moderate Fractionated Whole Breast Three Dimensional Conformal Radiotherapy during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background and Objectives: Reducing time of treatment during COVID-19 outbreaks has been recommended by the leading Radiation Oncology societies. Still minimizing radiation induced tissue toxicity is one of the most important issues in breast cancer patients. The study aimed to investigate compliance, clinical and dosimetry normal tissue toxicity, and cosmetic results between moderated and ultra-fractionated regimes for breast cancer patients during COVID-19 pandemic.

[Peripheral Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor of the Small Bowel Mesentery - Report of a Case].

Introduction: Primitive neuroectodermal tumor or Ewing's sarcoma is a tumor of undifferentiated small round cells that arise from the soft tissues, and is believed to be of neural origin. It occurs most often in children, followed by adolescents and young adults.

Case Outline: A case of a 24-year-old patient with ulcerostenosans Ewing's sarcoma of the initial part of the small intestine is presented in our paper.

Importance of positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) examination in rectal cancer staging--initial clinical experience.

Aim: Accurate preoperative staging is essential in determining optimal therapeutic procedures and planning for individual patients. Advances in imaging technology have raised interest in the potential role of positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) examination for staging of rectal cancer. The primary end point of the study was the correct classification of the tumor node-metastases (TNM) tumor stage using whole-body PET-CT examination.

Lipoma of the sigmoid colon.

Introduction: Lipoma is a benign tumor of adipose tissue, the most common tumor of the human body soft tissues. As such, it can be found almost anywhere in the human body including the gastrointestinal system (incidence below 0.5%), but rarely in the sigmoid colon.

Preoperative evaluation in the era of laparoscopic surgery.

To confirm the importance of preoperative evaluation of a patient's health state, to reduce perioperative morbidity and mortality after laparoscopic surgery. A total number of 1,070 patients were selected into groups based on a type of intervention, gender, ASA and NYHA classification. The most common laparoscopic procedure that was performed was cholecystectomy in 920 (86%) patients.

A rare case of benign omentum teratoma.

Introduction: Mature teratomas (benign cystic teratomas or dermoid cysts) are among the most common ovarian tumours; however, teratomas of the omentum and mesentery are extremely rare. Teratoma in the intraperitoneal cavity is uncommon and atypical, and it is even more uncommon in adulthood.

Case Outline: An 82-year-old female was admitted to our department with clinical signs of abdominal tumour.

Lipomas of the gastrointestinal system.

Lipomas are rare benign tumors in the gastrointestinal system. Within the gastrointestinal system, 65% of the lipomas are located in the colon (sigmoid part of the colon or rectum) and rarely in the stomach and esophagus. The paper presents two gastrointestinal lipomas.

Laparoscopic body-tail pancreatic resection for insulinoma.

Introduction: Insulinomas are the most common endocrine tumours of the pancreas. They are more frequent in females, and they are commonly less than 2 cm in diameter. If conservative treatment of typical clinical symptoms fails, detailed diagnostic procedures are necessary and surgical treatment is indicated.

An unusual case of ascariasis of the appendix.

Introduction: Amongst various causes responsible for the obstruction of digestive tract, intestinal ascariasis is certainly one of the least frequent.

Case Outline: We report an extremely rare case of a 5-year-old male patient operated on for appendicitis due to adult Ascaris Lumbricoides worms intraoperatively detected in the appendiceal lumen.

Conclusion: On examination patient's clinical features indicated acute appendicitis.

[Breast reconstruction: correlation between different procedures, reconstruction timing and complications].

Introduction: Improved psychophysical condition after breast reconstruction in women has been well documented.

Objective: To determine the most optimal technique with minimal morbidity, the authors examined their results and complications based on reconstruction timing (immediate and delayed reconstruction) and three reconstruction methods: TRAM flap, latissimus dorsi flap and reconstruction with tissue expanders and implants.

Methods: Reconstruction was performed in 60 women of mean age 51.

Intraoperative air testing of colorectal anastomoses.

Introduction: Intraoperative anastomotic air testing of stapled colorectal anastomosis is performed by filling the pelvis with saline solution and insufflating the rectum with air through a sigmoidoscope. The presence of air bubbles indicates anastomotic leaks which are resolved during surgery.

Objective: The aim of this prospective, randomized study was to perform a comparative analysis regarding the number of anastomotic dehiscences in patients checked by air leak testing and in the control group without air testing.

[Thoracoabdominal teratoma--rare location].

Introduction: Teratomas are tumours derived from pluripotent germ cells. They appear most frequently on ovaries. However, other locations are also possible: testicles, retroperitoneum, stomach, neck, and bottom of the mouth cavity.

[Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome].

Introduction: Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome is now recognized as a toxin-mediated, multisystem illness. It is characterized by an early onset of shock with multiorgan failure and continues to be associated with high morbidity and mortality, caused by group A Streptococcus pyogenes. The symptoms for staphylococcal and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome are similar.

Primary closure of the common bile duct in the treatment of choledocholithiasis.

Surgical institutions equipped to apply endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with papillotomy do not treat non-complicated choledocholithiasis in a surgical way any more. However, those institutions which have not yet started to perform cholangiopancreatography apply surgical treatment of choledocholithiasis, and therefore, choledochography is still an option to end the exploration of choledochus with or without the concrement removal. Since cholangiopancreatography has not become a routine treatment in our institution, we have tried to determine the role of the primary closure of the choledochus in the treatment of choledocholithiasis as well as the indications and contraindications for its application.

[Cytoarchitecture of the human paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus].

Introduction: The significance of this research in terms of structure and biochemical processes in PVN contributes to further understanding of vital physiological processes from delivery and stress to delicate chemical processes that keep the hypothalamo-hypophysial axis in balance.

Conclusion: Comparative studies of the human hypothalamus with the hypothalamus of other mammals enable further research, especially pharmacological and physiological ones. These are made possible with the aid of highly sophisticated equipment for examination of neurophysiological features of the brain.

The first case of endoscopic submucosal dissection of cecal adenoma in Serbia.

Endoscopic submucosal dissection is a therapeutic procedure for the removal of early stage gastrointestinal cancer. In 2006, we performed a colonic ESD in Serbia. ESD had never been performed until then in Serbia, nor do we have a written report, so this article is a document of the first performed procedure of this kind.

[Nylon-Darn herniorrhaphy: the method of choice in treatment of primary inguinal hernia].

Introduction: Nylon-Darn herniorrhaphy is a classic, open technique, simple to perform with a low recurrence rate. It is a "tension-free" method of herniorrhaphy. The aim of study was to analyze the results of Nylon-Darn herniorrhaphy at our clinic and point out advantages and disadvantages of the technique.

[Complications in laparoscopic surgery].

The development of technology and improvement of laparoscopic equipment enhanced expansion laparoscopic surgeries. Various operations performed using classical operative approach are nowadays done laparoscopic technique. The expansion of the repertoire, the performance of most complicated surgical procedures and increase in the number of laparoscopic interventions result in the increased number of intraoperative and postoperative complications.

Harmonic Scalpel hemorrhoidectomy: a painless procedure?

Since the surgical treatment of hemorrhoidal disease has been characterized by intense postoperative pain, recent studies have tried to modify the standard Milligan-Morgans technique. The up-to-date literature, in the experience of authors, has confirmed that the new method of Harmonic Scalpel hemorrhoidectomy reduces postoperative pain. The aim of our study was to statistically evaluate, based on our experience, the efficacy of this surgical approach in terms of reducing postoperative pain and establishing a stable hemostasis.

[C-fos protein expression in the parietal cortex and olfactory tubercle in the hypoxic rat brain].

Introduction: We have attempted to identify which parts of the brain react to ischemic attack using the four-vessel occlusion model in rats.

Material And Methods: We have monitored the expression of c-fos protein in the parietal cortex (R3 and T3) and in the olfactory tubercle (R4 and T4), regions which are supplied with blood by different arteries. The four-vessel occlusion was performed using the Pulsinelli's method and rats were divided into two groups: total ischemia (ligation of four blood vessels or coagulation of the vertebral artheries with bilateral ligation of carotid arteries - R group) and transient ischemic attack (ligation of four blood vessels or coagulation of the vertebral arteries with bilateral repeated ligation of carotid arteries - T group of rats, the so-called preconditioned group).

[Mitral valve prolapse].

Introduction: Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is a common finding in everyday clinical practice. However, despite simple diagnostics, clinicians remain interested in it due to its undetermined prevalence, various etiology, clinical features and echocardiographic findings.

Etiology And Prevalence: MVP exists as a primary condition and is commonly associated with tissue diseases of familial origin.