Comprehensive transcription factor perturbations recapitulate fibroblast transcriptional states.

Cell atlas projects have nominated recurrent transcriptional states as drivers of biological processes and disease, but their origins, regulation, and properties remain unclear. To enable complementary functional studies, we developed a scalable approach for recapitulating cell states using CRISPR activation (CRISPRa) Perturb-seq. Aided by a novel multiplexing method, we activated 1,836 transcription factors in two cell types.

Serious Psychological Distress, Substance Use Disorders, and Social Issues Among Men and Women in the United States During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Purpose: This study assesses the association between SUD, economic hardship, gender, and related risk and protective factors on serious psychological distress (SPD) during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design: Quantitative cross-sectional design.

Setting: National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH).

Evaluation of a Community-Based Harm Reduction Intervention Aimed at Adjudicated College Students.

The purpose of this study was to develop, test, and use an instrument to measure the effectiveness of a community-based, mandated drug education intervention program, Youthful Offenders Program (YOP), targeting college students at risk. A total of N = 350 students voluntarily agreed to participate in an evaluation of program effectiveness using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and a newly developed measure to compare changes in substance related behaviors over time. Results revealed sound psychometric structure for the new scale for use in program evaluation; results suggest that YOP significantly enhanced safety practices and reduced hazardous drinking and recidivism, but not avoidance of risky behaviors.

Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotic Medications in Pregnancy: A Review.

Background: Long-acting injectable antipsychotic medications (LAIs) are an evidence-based treatment option for people with severe mental illness. While women with severe mental illness who are prescribed LAIs can become pregnant, there is a dearth of research examining the safety of these medication formulations during pregnancy.

Objective: This article summarizes available literature on the use of LAIs in pregnancy to help inform clinical decisions and guide future research.

Seroprevalence study of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in healthcare workers following the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in a tertiary-level hospital in the south of Ireland.

Objective: This study investigated seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG antibodies, using the Abbott antinucleocapsid IgG chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA) assay, in five prespecified healthcare worker (HCW) subgroups following the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Setting: An 800-bed tertiary-level teaching hospital in the south of Ireland.

Participants: Serum was collected for anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG using the Abbott ARCHITECT SARS-CoV-2 IgG CMIA qualitative assay, as per the manufacturer's specifications.

Child maltreatment severity, chronic substance abuse, and disability status.

Purpose: Biological theories explain how exposure to child maltreatment and chronic substance abuse result in significant health reductions, often years or decades after the maltreatment and substance abuse end. Relationships among these variables are known to exist; however, the relative impact of each risk factor on disability status is not clear.

Method: Adults receiving inpatient treatment for a substance use disorder (SUD) were assessed for chronic illness and disability (CID), years abusing substances, and child maltreatment severity using the Child Trauma Questionnaire (n = 112).

Improving Rates of Screening for Anemia in Infancy.

In 2010, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommended universal screening for anemia at approximately 1 year of age. This quality improvement study sought to improve anemia screening in an ambulatory setting. In a large university-based setting, a best practice alert (BPA) was placed within the electronic health record.

Potential and challenges for learning during acute medical/surgical placement for intellectual disability, mental health and midwifery students.

In Ireland nursing and midwifery degree programmes involve four pathways to registration. Three of which, intellectual disability and mental health nursing and midwifery require students to undertake acute medical/surgical placements offering learning opportunities caring for patients with complex needs in settings beyond their core discipline. This paper focuses on findings from a descriptive qualitative study exploring intellectual disability and mental health nursing and midwifery students experiences of such placements.

The Shared Etiology of Attentional Control and Anxiety: An Adolescent Twin Study.

We investigated the etiology of attentional control (AC) and four different anxiety symptom types (generalized, obsessive-compulsive, separation, and social) in an adolescent sample of over 400 twin pairs. Genetic factors contributed to 55% of the variance in AC and between 43 and 58% of the variance in anxiety. Negative phenotypic associations between AC and anxiety indicated that lower attentional ability is related to increased risk for all 4 anxiety categories.

Realising the dream of becoming a nurse: Underrepresented BSc nursing students experiences.

Background: This paper describes the experiences of underrepresented BSc nursing students in realising the dream of becoming a nurse in one university. In the past ten years, pre-registration nurse education has become established within higher education in Ireland. This development includes promoting access and inclusion of students from traditionally underrepresented groups in higher education.

Use of recreation activities as positive coping with chronic stress and mental health outcomes associated with unemployment of people with disabilities.

Objective: This paper provides an outline of the complex relationship among stress, unemployment, mental health, and participation in recreation activities as a possible adaptive coping strategy for people with disabilities.

Methods: This paper is a result of a two-phase review of the literature. Phase one included review of articles that examined the relationship among unemployment, stress, and mental health outcomes for people with disabilities.

Examining differences in developmental work personality across disability category: Implications for individuals with psychiatric disabilities.

Objective: The purpose of this exploratory study was to examine the differences in levels of work personality for persons with psychiatric disabilities compared to persons with other types of disabilities.

Participants: Seventy one adults eligible to receive Vocational Rehabilitation services participated; 30 reported a physical disability, 26 reported a psychiatric disability, and 15 reported a learning disability.

Methods: Eligible participants were recruited through VR offices and volunteered to participate.

Medication timing errors for Parkinson's disease: perspectives held by caregivers and people with Parkinson's in new zealand.

Background. Common but seldom published are Parkinson's disease (PD) medication errors involving late, extra, or missed doses. These errors can reduce medication effectiveness and the quality of life of people with PD and their caregivers.

The relationship between contextual work behaviours self-efficacy and work personality: an exploratory analysis.

Background: Work personality and contextual work behaviours have been identified as constructs that play critical roles in developing the foundation for effective vocational and career behaviour for persons with disabilities.

Method: For this study, we used a sample of 84 individuals with disabilities who were eligible to receive vocational rehabilitation services. Demographic variables and questions concerning work personality, contextual work behaviours self-efficacy, employment status and longest time employed were obtained and analysed to determine the relationship between contextual work behaviours self-efficacy, work personality and employment outcomes.

A prospective, multicenter study to validate use of the PUSH in patients with diabetic, venous, and pressure ulcers.

Monitoring wound progress is essential for evaluating and documenting treatment outcomes. The Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing (PUSH) was developed to track pressure ulcer (PU) progress but information about its utility for other types of chronic wounds is limited. A 10-month, descriptive, multicenter study was conducted to examine the responsiveness and concurrent validity of the PUSH when used to monitor wound changes in diabetic foot (DFU), venous leg (VLU), and PU.

Working alliance and vocational outcomes for cancer survivors: an initial analysis.

This study examines the sex differences in the perception of working alliance and the perceptions of optimism regarding future employment and job satisfaction with adult cancer survivors receiving vocational rehabilitation services. No significant differences were found between males and females in terms of the three components of the working alliance. However, examination of effect sizes indicated that the females reported higher levels of tasks (d=0.

Using attribution theory to examine community rehabilitation provider stigma.

This study builds on existing research investigating the stigma-reducing strategies specific to rehabilitation service providers by comparing differences in education levels and degree of contact among rehabilitation service providers. Rehabilitation service providers with master's level and bachelor level education showed significant differences in their stigmatizing tendencies on subscales of controllability and stability for different categories of disabilities. Specifically, service providers with a master's degree had more stigmatizing beliefs for psychosis and cocaine addiction, compared with service providers with a bachelor's degree.

The role of developmental work personality in the employment of individuals with psychiatric disabilities.

Due to the current demands of today's competitive and team-oriented workplaces, organizations are becoming increasingly dependent on assessing potential and current employee traits that go beyond skills and education. Contextual work behaviors, such as getting along with others, accepting supervision, and ability to adapt to changes, are proving to be salient factors in predicting overall successful employment outcomes. These contextual behaviors are often learned in childhood during the school years and by watching parents and role models demonstrate behaviors related to work.

Low back pain among Irish farmers.

Background: Despite farming being regarded as a high-risk activity for low back pain (LBP), little LBP research exists for this work sector.

Aims: To establish LBP prevalence, beliefs regarding LBP, perceived LBP risk factors, related health service utilization, awareness and participation in manual-handling training among farmers in Ireland.

Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was distributed to 200 farmers in Ireland via five Irish veterinary practices.

Integrin alpha6beta4-erbB2 complex inhibits haptotaxis by up-regulating E-cadherin cell-cell junctions in keratinocytes.

Keratinocyte integrins alpha6beta4 and alpha3beta1 bind laminin-5, a component of basement membranes. We previously demonstrated that in keratinocytes, haptotactic migration on laminin-5 was stimulated by anti-beta1 integrin-activating antibody TS2/16, whereas antibodies to alpha6 and beta4, respectively, blocked TS2/16-induced, alpha3beta1-dependent migration. Moreover, alpha6beta4-associated haptotaxis inhibition was linked to a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway and required erbB2 activation.