Intersectionality of gender with social determinants of health and asymptomatic Alzheimer's disease neuropathology.

Background: Women comprise approximately two-thirds of Alzheimer's disease cases.

Objective: This is the first known study to investigate the role of intersectionality between gender and other social determinants of health (SDOH) in the presentation of cognitive symptoms (i.e.

APOE ε4 carrier status moderates the effect of lifestyle factors on cognitive reserve.

Introduction: This study examines the role of lifestyle factors in cognitive reserve among older adults, focusing on the moderating effect of apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 status.

Methods: Data from 157 participants aged 45 and older from the Healthy Brain Initiative (HBI) were analyzed. Cognitive reserve was estimated using residual scores from Cognivue Clarity tests after accounting for brain atrophy and white matter hyperintensities (WMHs).

Practical use of DAT SPECT imaging in diagnosing dementia with Lewy bodies: a US perspective of current guidelines and future directions.

Background: Diagnosing Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) remains a challenge in clinical practice. The use of I-ioflupane (DaTscan) SPECT imaging, which detects reduced dopamine transporter (DAT) uptake-a key biomarker in DLB diagnosis-could improve diagnostic accuracy. However, DAT imaging is underutilized despite its potential, contributing to delays and suboptimal patient management.

The Mediating Role of Cortical Atrophy on the Relationship between the Resilience Index and Cognitive Function: Findings from the Healthy Brain Initiative.

Background: Lifestyle factors are linked to differences in brain aging and risk for Alzheimer's disease, underscored by concepts like 'cognitive reserve' and 'brain maintenance'. The Resilience Index (RI), a composite of 6 factors (cognitive reserve, physical and cognitive activities, social engagement, diet, and mindfulness) provides such a holistic measure.

Objective: This study aims to examine the association of RI scores with cognitive function and assess the mediating role of cortical atrophy.

Female APOE ɛ4 Carriers with Slow Rates of Biological Aging Have Better Memory Performances Compared to Female ɛ4 Carriers with Accelerated Aging.

Background: Evidence suggests that APOE ɛ4 carriers have worse memory performances compared to APOE ɛ4 non-carriers and effects may vary by sex and age. Estimates of biological age, using DNA methylation may enhance understanding of the associations between sex and APOE ɛ4 on cognition.

Objective: To investigate whether associations between APOE ɛ4 status and memory vary according to rates of biological aging, using a DNA methylation age biomarker, in older men and women without dementia.

A comparison of cognitive performances based on differing rates of DNA methylation GrimAge acceleration among older men and women.

Cognitive heterogeneity increases with age rendering sex differences difficult to identify. Given established sex differences in biological aging, we examined whether comparisons of men and women on neuropsychological test performances differed as a function of age rate. Data were obtained from 1921 adults enrolled in the 2016 wave of the Health and Retirement Study.

DNA Methylation "GrimAge" Acceleration Mediates Sex/Gender Differences in Verbal Memory and Processing Speed: Findings From the Health and Retirement Study.

Whether sex/gender differences in rates of biological aging mediate sex/gender differences in cognition in older adults has not been fully examined. The aim of the current study was to investigate this association. Data from up to 1 928 participants (mean age = 75, standard deviation = 7.

Hippocampal Subfields in Mild Cognitive Impairment: Associations with Objective and Informant-Report of Memory Function.

Background: Evidence suggests that select hippocampal subfields are implicated in the initial stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and are selectively involved in objective memory. Less is known whether subfields are associated with informant-reported memory difficulties of individuals with a diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Method: Data from 56 participants with a diagnosis of amnestic MCI were included in the present study.

Verbal memory is associated with adherence to COVID-19 protective behaviors in community dwelling older adults.

Background: Adherence to protective behaviors is central to limiting the spread of COVID-19 and associated risk of serious illness and mortality in older populations. Whether cognition predicts adherence to protective behaviors has not been examined in older adults.

Aims: To examine whether specific cognitive abilities predict adherence to COVID-19 protective behaviors in older adults, independent of other relevant factors.

Adding cognition to AT(N) models improves prediction of cognitive and functional decline.

Introduction: This study sought to determine whether adding cognition to a model with Alzheimer's disease biomarkers based on the amyloid, tau, and neurodegeneration/neuronal injury-AT(N)-biomarker framework predicts rates of cognitive and functional decline in older adults without dementia.

Methods: The study included 465 participants who completed amyloid positron emission tomography, cerebrospinal fluid phosphorylated tau, structural magnetic resonance imaging, and serial neuropsychological testing. Using the AT(N) framework and a newly validated cognitive metric as the independent variables, we used linear mixed effects models to examine a 4-year rate of change in cognitive and functional measures.

The association of white matter free water with cognition in older adults.

Background: Extracellular free water within cerebral white matter tissue has been shown to increase with age and pathology, yet the cognitive consequences of free water in typical aging prior to the development of neurodegenerative disease remains unclear. Understanding the contribution of free water to cognitive function in older adults may provide important insight into the neural mechanisms of the cognitive aging process.

Methods: A diffusion-weighted MRI measure of extracellular free water as well as a commonly used diffusion MRI metric (fractional anisotropy) along nine bilateral white matter pathways were examined for their relationship with cognitive function assessed by the NIH Toolbox Cognitive Battery in 47 older adults (mean age ​= ​74.

Self-Efficacy Mediates the Association Between Physical Function and Perceived Quality of Life in Individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Background: Research has shown that individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) value quality of life (QoL) above and beyond cognitive function or other potential outcomes in MCI. There is evidence supporting the negative impact of poor physical function on QoL ratings.

Objective: The study explored whether a modified measure of self-efficacy for managing MCI and education mediated and/or moderated the relationship between physical function and QoL in persons with MCI.

Educational Attainment Moderates the Association Between Hippocampal Volumes and Memory Performances in Healthy Older Adults.

To examine whether educational attainment, as a proxy of cognitive reserve, moderated the association between hippocampal volumes and episodic verbal memory performances in healthy older adults. Data from 76 community dwelling older adults were included in the present study. Measures of hippocampal volumes (total, left, and right) were obtained using FreeSurfer software.

Discrepancies between crystallized and fluid ability are associated with frequency of social and physical engagement in community dwelling older adults.

Objective: Age differences have been noted in the discrepancies between crystallized and fluid ability (Gc-Gf). Larger Gc-Gf discrepancies have also been shown to be associated with Alzheimer's disease biomarkers and clinical severity. However, little is known regarding the relationship between Gc-Gf discrepancies in normal aging and functional outcomes.

Depressive Symptom Dimensions and Their Association with Hippocampal and Entorhinal Cortex Volumes in Community Dwelling Older Adults.

Research has shown that depression is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and subsequent cognitive decline. This is compounded by evidence showing an association between depression and reduced hippocampal volumes; a primary structure implicated in the pathogenesis of the disease. Less is known about the relationship between depression and other AD vulnerable regions such as the entorhinal cortex.

Doctor, Should I Use Computer Games to Prevent Dementia?

Commercial advertising of computerized "brain games" may result in clinicians being asked whether brain games prevent dementia. To address this question, we conducted a review of computerized cognitive training (CCT) interventions in older adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). Studies were identified using a PubMed and PSYCinfo search for review articles.

Precuneus abnormalities in middle-aged to older adults with depressive symptoms: An analysis of BDI-II symptom dimensions.

We recently reported age-related increases in left precuneus cortical thickness (CT) in older adults with elevated total depressive symptoms. However, it is unclear whether abnormalities in precuneus surface area (SA) are also evident and whether specific symptom dimensions of depression moderated age effects on these measurements. Seventy-three adults completed the Beck Depression Inventory - 2nd edition (BDI-II) and underwent structural neuroimaging.

Repetition priming in mild cognitive impairment and mild dementia: Impact of educational attainment.

Objective: To examine the role of education on repetition priming performances in healthy aging, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and mild dementia.

Method: A total of 72 participants (healthy = 27, with MCI = 28, with mild dementia = 17) took part in the present study. Priming was assessed using the Word Stem Completion Test, and delayed and recognition memory was assessed using the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test.

Anxiety Modifies the Association between Fatigue and Verbal Fluency in Cognitively Normal Adults.

Objective: In the present study, we examined the association between self-reported fatigue and verbal fluency in a sample of healthy adults. Given the co-occurrence of anxiety and depressive symptoms with fatigue, we examined whether these affective dimensions would modify this association.

Method: Fifty-nine cognitively normal adults took part in the study.

Effects of body mass index and education on verbal and nonverbal memory.

We previously reported that higher education protects against executive dysfunction related to higher body mass index (BMI) in younger, but not older, adults. We now extend the previous analyses to verbal and nonverbal memory. Fifty-nine healthy, dementia-free community-dwelling adults ranging in age from 18 to 81 years completed the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test - Revised (HVLT-R) and the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test - Revised (BVMT-R).

Older adults with poor self-rated memory have less depressive symptoms and better memory performance when perceived self-efficacy is high.

Objective: To investigate whether self-efficacy moderates the association between self-rated memory and depressive symptoms in a large sample of older adults. The influence of self-efficacy and depressive symptoms on memory performance was also examined in a subsample of individuals who reported poor memory.

Methods: Non-demented participants (n = 3766) were selected from the 2012 wave of the Health and Retirement Study.

Examining the association between late-life depressive symptoms, cognitive function, and brain volumes in the context of cognitive reserve.

Objective: The present study aimed to investigate whether cognitive reserve moderated the association between depressive symptoms and cognition, as well as brain volumes in a sample of older adults.

Methods: Non-demented participants (n = 3484) were selected from the Washington Heights/Hamilton Heights Inwood Columbia Aging Project (Northern Manhattan). A subsample of these participants without dementia (n = 703), who had brain imaging data, was also selected for a separate analysis.

Individual differences in fluid intelligence predicts inattentional blindness in a sample of older adults: a preliminary study.

Previous research has shown that aging increases susceptibility to inattentional blindness (Graham and Burke, Psychol Aging 26:162, 2011) as well as individual differences in cognitive ability related to working memory and executive functions in separate studies. Therefore, the present study was conducted in an attempt to bridge a gap that involved investigating 'age-sensitive' cognitive abilities that may predict inattentional blindness in a sample of older adults. We investigated whether individual differences in general fluid intelligence and speed of processing would predict inattentional blindness in our sample of older adults.

Recurrence of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder: a role for insulin-like growth factor-II loss of imprinting and cytoplasmic E-cadherin immunolocalization.

Purpose: This study documents the frequency of insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II) loss of imprinting (LOI) in a series of 87 bladder tissues. E-cadherin (CDH1) immunolocalization was also investigated due to the known redistribution of this adherence protein to the cytoplasm following exogenous exposure to IGF-II.

Experimental Design: Informative IGF-II cases were identified following DNA-PCR amplification and subsequent sequencing of the transcribable ApaI RFLP in exon 9 of IGF-II.