Metagenomics Study of Viral Pathogens in Undiagnosed Respiratory Specimens and Identification of Human Enteroviruses at a Thailand Hospital.

Numerous pathogens cause respiratory infections with similar symptoms. Routine diagnostics detect only a limited number of pathogens, leaving a gap in respiratory illness etiology surveillance. This study evaluated next-generation sequencing for unbiased pathogen identification.

Single-nucleotide changes in the HIV Rev-response element mediate resistance to compounds that inhibit Rev function.

Previously we described the identification of two compounds (3-amino-5-ethyl-4,6-dimethylthieno[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxamide [103833] and 4-amino-6-methoxy-2-(trifluoromethyl)-3-quinolinecarbonitrile [104366]) that interfered with HIV replication through the inhibition of Rev function. We now describe resistant viral variants that arose after drug selection, using virus derived from two different HIV proviral clones, NL4-3 and R7/3. With HIV(NL4-3), each compound selected a different single point mutation in the Rev response element (RRE) at the bottom of stem-loop IIC.

Oseltamivir resistance mutation N294S in human influenza A(H5N1) virus in Egypt.

In December 2006, three human specimens were received that were suspected positive for influenza A(H5N1). The specimens were tested using real time PCR. And the presence of A(H5N1) virus was confirmed in 2 patients (16F and 26M), The NA sequence from A(H5N1) positive specimens collected before and after antiviral therapy revealed a mutation (N294S) (N295S according to N1 numbering), previously associated with resistance to oseltamivir.

Heterocyclic compounds that inhibit Rev-RRE function and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication.

A cell-based screening assay was performed to identify compounds that inhibited the postintegration stage of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) life cycle. This assay utilized a cell line that contains the HIV gag and pol genes expressed in a Rev-dependent fashion. The cell line produces about 10 to 15 ng of p24 per milliliter of medium over a 24-h period in the form of viruslike particles.