Sexual behaviour in developing countries: implications for HIV control.

Objective: To provide basic information on pre- and extramarital sex in the general population and other factors related to HIV transmission.

Design: Cross-sectional household survey in 18 countries of the developing world, mainly in Africa and Asia.

Respondents: Representative samples of 1300-6995 individuals aged 15-49 years, interviewed in 1989-1993.

The intrarenal regulation of sodium excretion in the dog.

1. The effect of sodium chloride-containing solution (saline) infusion on sodium excretion has been investigated in kidneys transplanted from donors into the neck vessels of other dogs (perfusors). The dogs (perfusors and donors) had been given sodium-enriched or sodium-poor diets ("loaded" and "deprived' dogs).

Tissue culture of normal rat glomeruli: contractile activity of the cultured mesangial cells.

Rat glomerular epithelial and mesangial cells, and rat skin fibroblasts, were cultured in RPMI medium containing 15% decomplemented fetal bovine serum. They were incubated for 1 h at 37 degrees C with 2 mM [Ca2+]. At that time, their response to various concentrations of angiotensin II, norepinephrine and carbamylcholine was studied by phase contrast microscopy.

Response of aldosterone and blood pressure to angiotensin II infusion in anephric man. Effect of sodium deprivation.

Angiotensin II, infused intravenously, increased plasma aldosterone concentration in two of six anephric subjects taking their usual dietary quantities of sodium. After 3 days of dietary sodium restriction and weight-reducing hemodialysis, the aldosterone response to infused angiotensin II in the two previously reactive subjects was enhanced, while the four previously unreactive subjects also showed a rise in plasma aldosterone. Before and after sodium depletion the anephric subjects were less responsive than normal subjects.