Comprehensive evaluation of the impact of workplace exposures on physician-certified sick leave in the general working population.

Background: Our objective was to quantify the prospective associations between work factors across chemical, physical, mechanical, and psychosocial domains and the onset of medically certified sick leave.

Methods: Eligible respondents were interviewed in 2009, 2013, or 2016 and were registered in the national sick leave register with an employee relationship lasting more than 50 working days during the year of the survey interviews and the following year (n = 15,294 observations). To focus on the onset of high-level sick leave (HLSL; >16 days a year), we excluded individuals with HLSL during the survey year (baseline).

Adverse social behaviour at work and health-related employment exit: a prospective population-based four-wave survey.

Background: The level of evidence for various aspects of adverse social behaviour (ASB) at work as risk factors for exit from employment due to health problems or diseases is inconclusive.

Methods: We obtained data from four consecutive surveys (2006/09/13/16) of the general population of Norway. Respondents who were interviewed in two consecutive surveys and employed at the first survey time point constituted the sample (n = 17 110 observations).

Onset of Work-Life Conflict Increases Risk of Subsequent Psychological Distress in the Norwegian Working Population.

We aimed to assess whether the onset of work-life conflict is associated with a risk of subsequent onset of psychological distress. Respondents from a randomly drawn cohort of the general Norwegian working population were interviewed in 2009 (T1), 2013 (T2), and 2016 (T3) (gross sample = 13,803). Participants reporting frequent work-life conflict at T1 and/or psychological distress (five-item Hopkins Symptom Checklist mean score ≥ 2) at T2 were excluded to establish a design that allowed us to study the effect of the onset of work-life conflict at T2 on psychological distress at T3.

Work-life interference and physician-certified sick leave: a prospective study of a general working population.

Background: Work-life interference has been associated with adverse health outcomes. Here, we quantify the association between work-life interference and subsequent sick leave.

Methods: Respondents from a randomly drawn cohort of the general working Norwegian population were interviewed in 2009, 2013 and/or 2016.

Occupation and 20-year hearing decline: findings from The HUNT Study.

Background: Studies show that certain occupations are associated with an increased risk of hearing loss. However, many studies are cross-sectional, and the few longitudinal studies are mostly small or focus on only one occupation.

Aims: We aimed to quantify the long-term hearing decline among workers in different occupations and assess whether the change differs between the occupations.

The Relationship between Workplace Conflicts and Subsequent Physician-Certified Sick Leave: A Prospective Population Study.

The impact of workplace conflicts on sick leave is largely unknown. We studied the associations between conflicts and physician-certified sick leave in a randomly drawn general working population sample. Eligible respondents were interviewed in 2009, 2013, and 2016 and were registered with an employee relationship ≥50 working days in the national sick-leave register the year following the survey interviews ( = 22,088 observations/13,731 respondents).

Alcohol consumption and lower risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality: the impact of accounting for familial factors in twins.

Background: A moderate to high alcohol consumption is associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in comparison with low consumption. The mechanisms underlying this association are not clear and have been suggested to be caused by residual confounding. The main objective of this study was to separate the familial and individual risk for CVD mortality and all-cause mortality related to alcohol consumption.

Educational attainment and mortality in schizophrenia.

Background: Individuals suffering from schizophrenia have a reduced life expectancy with cardiovascular disease (CVD) as a major contributor. Low educational attainment is associated with schizophrenia, as well as with all-cause and CVD mortality. However, it is unknown to what extent low educational attainment can explain the increased mortality in individuals with schizophrenia.

Examining the lower range of the association between alcohol intake and risk of incident hospitalization with atrial fibrillation.

Background: Evidence is sparse on the association between alcohol intakes in the lower range and risk of atrial fibrillation (AF). We aimed to investigate self-reported low and moderate alcohol intakes and subsequent risk of incident AF among current drinkers.

Methods: Norwegian population-based health examination surveys assessing self-reported daily alcohol intake (mean grams per day) were linked to health and population registers.

Associations of Binge Drinking With the Risks of Ischemic Heart Disease and Stroke: A Study of Pooled Norwegian Health Surveys.

Norwegian health survey data (1987-2003) were analyzed to determine if binge drinking increases the risk of incident major events from ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke. Among current drinkers reporting average alcohol intakes of 2.00-59.

Adverse social behaviour at the workplace and subsequent physician certified sick leave: a three-wave prospective study of the general working population in Norway.

Objectives: We aimed to provide an integrated picture of the relationship between different facets of adverse social behaviour (ASB) at the workplace and sick leave.

Methods: Data from a randomly drawn prospective cohort of the general working population. Eligible respondents were interviewed in 2009, 2013 or 2016, and were registered with an employee relationship of at least 50 working days in the national register the year following the survey interviews (n=21 674 observations/13 470 respondents).

Association of coincident self-reported mental health problems and alcohol intake with all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality: A Norwegian pooled population analysis.

Background: The disease burden attributable to mental health problems and to excess or harmful alcohol use is considerable. Despite a strong relationship between these 2 important factors in population health, there are few studies quantifying the mortality risk associated with their co-occurrence in the general population. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality according to self-reported mental health problems and alcohol intake in the general population.

The association between obesity and cardiovascular disease mortality in different strata of socioeconomic position: evidence from pooled Norwegian health surveys.

Background: Socioeconomic position (SEP) is related to both obesity and cardiovascular disease (CVD). There is little evidence on whether SEP modifies the relation between obesity and CVD. The aim of the study was to investigate whether the association between obesity and CVD mortality is stronger among people with disadvantaged than among people with advantaged life course SEP.

The association between BMI and mortality using early adulthood BMI as an instrumental variable for midlife BMI.

The article aims to describe the association between midlife body mass index (BMI) and cardiovascular disease (CVD)- and all-cause mortality, and to use early adulthood BMI as an instrumental variable for midlife BMI, in order to obtain an estimate less distorted by midlife confounders and reverse causality. Data from Norwegian health surveys (1974-2003) (midlife BMI, smoking, blood pressure, total cholesterol, heart rate), Military Conscription Records, National Tuberculosis Screenings (early adulthood BMI), National Educational Registry and Cause of Death Registry were linked. Participants with data on BMI in early adulthood and midlife were included (n = 148.

Plasma 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Mortality in Patients With Suspected Stable Angina Pectoris.

Context And Objective: Vitamin D status may affect cardiovascular disease (CVD) development and survival. We studied the relationship between concentrations of the circulating biomarker 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality risk.

Design, Setting, Participants, And Main Outcome Measures: 25OHD, the sum of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D2, was analyzed in plasma samples from 4114 white patients suspected of having stable angina pectoris and was adjusted for seasonal variation.

Life course socioeconomic position, alcohol drinking patterns in midlife, and cardiovascular mortality: Analysis of Norwegian population-based health surveys.

Background: Socioeconomically disadvantaged groups tend to experience more harm from the same level of exposure to alcohol as advantaged groups. Alcohol has multiple biological effects on the cardiovascular system, both potentially harmful and protective. We investigated whether the diverging relationships between alcohol drinking patterns and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality differed by life course socioeconomic position (SEP).

The interplay between cognitive ability, alcohol consumption, and health characteristics.

Background: Higher cognitive ability is associated with favourable health characteristics. The relation between ability and alcohol consumption, and their interplay with other health characteristics, is unclear. We aimed to assess the relationship between cognitive ability and alcohol consumption and to assess whether alcohol consumption relates differently to health characteristics across strata of ability.

Cosinor modelling of seasonal variation in 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in cardiovascular patients in Norway.

Background/objectives: Seasonal variation may reduce the validity of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) as a biomarker of vitamin D status. Here we aimed to identify potential determinants of seasonal variation in 25OHD concentrations and to evaluate cosinor modelling as a method to adjust single 25OHD measurements for seasonal variation.

Subjects/methods: In Caucasian cardiovascular patients (1999-2004), we measured 25OHD by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in 4116 baseline and 528 follow-up samples.

Bioavailability of iron, vitamin A, zinc, and folic acid when added to condiments and seasonings.

Seasonings and condiments can be candidate vehicles for micronutrient fortification if consumed consistently and if dietary practices ensure bioavailability of the nutrient. In this review, we identify factors that may affect the bioavailability of iron, vitamin A, zinc, and folic acid when added to seasonings and condiments and evaluate their effects on micronutrient status. We take into consideration the chemical and physical properties of different forms of the micronutrients, the influence of the physical and chemical properties of foods and meals to which fortified seasonings and condiments are typically added, and interactions between micronutrients and the physiological and nutritional status of the target population.

Vitamin D status was not associated with 'one-year' progression of coronary artery disease, assessed by coronary angiography in statin-treated patients.

Background: Low vitamin D status is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and may be involved in atherosclerosis. Our aim was to assess the association between vitamin D status and the progression of coronary artery disease (CAD).

Methods And Results: We measured 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25OHD3) by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in plasma from 348 participants with established CAD (84% males, mean ± standard deviation (SD) age 60 ± 10 years) of the Western Norway B-vitamin Intervention Trial (WENBIT, 1999-2006).

Weight cycling promotes fat gain and altered clock gene expression in adipose tissue in C57BL/6J mice.

Repeated attempts to lose weight by temporary dieting may result in weight cycling, eventually further gain of body fat, and possible metabolic adaptation. We tested this with a controlled experiment in C57BL/6J mice subjected to four weight cycles (WC), continuous hypercaloric feeding (HF), or low-fat feeding (LF). To search for genes involved in an adaptive mechanism to former weight cycling and avoid acute effects of the last cycle, the last hypercaloric feeding period was prolonged by an additional 2 wk before euthanization.