Performance and safety of transparent postoperative dressings with silicone adhesive in daily practice on fragile skin.

Objective: Currently there is limited real-world research on the adhesion qualities, pain and clinical performance of specific silicone adhesives products, and their role in maintaining skin integrity and preventing medical adhesive-related skin injuries (MARSI). This paper presents a clinical evaluation of performance and safety parameters of two silicone adhesive dressings on lacerations or surgical wounds and the surrounding skin in daily practice on fragile skin.

Method: An observational, prospective, multicentre, uncontrolled post-market clinical observational study with Leukomed T skin sensitive and Leukomed T plus skin sensitive (both BSN medical GmbH, Essity Group) was undertaken at three sites across Germany between June 2021 to November 2022.

The ICRP, MELODI, and ALLIANCE workshop on effects of ionizing radiation exposure in offspring and next generations: a summary of discussions.

Purpose: Task Group 121 - Effects of ionizing radiation exposure in offspring and next generations - is a task group under the Committee 1 of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), approved by the Main Commission on 18th November 2021. The main goals of Task Group 121 are to (1) review and update the scientific literature of relevance to radiation-related effects in the offspring of parent(s) exposed to ionizing radiation in both human and non-human biota; (2) to assess preconceptional and intrauterine effects of radiation exposure and related morbidity and mortality; and, (3) to provide advice about the level of evidence and how to consider these preconceptional and postconceptional effects in the system of radiological protection for humans and non-human biota.

Methods: The Task Group is reviewing relevant literature since Publication 90 'Biological effects after prenatal irradiation (embryo and fetus)' (2003) and will include radiation-related effects on future generations in humans, animals, and plants.

Effects of ionising radiation exposure in offspring and next generations: dosimetric aspects and uncertainties.

Purpose: The impact of the exposure to ionizing radiation in the offspring and next generation has been investigated in the last decades and currently is the subject of study of the ICRP Task Group 121. Studying the effects of radiation exposure in pre-conceptional and post-conceptional phases can be a challenge since potential effects to the fetus vary depending on the stage of fetal development. Epidemiology and radiobiology studies are the two sources of information one can use to correlate the radiation dose to the human body and tissues and the resulting effects.

The American Psychiatric Association Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Patients With Schizophrenia.

(Reprinted with permission from 2020; 177:868-872).

Basic Structure of Melanoidins Formed in the Maillard Reaction of 3-Deoxyglucosone and γ-Aminobutyric Acid.

Melanoidins are formed in foods during processing through the Maillard reaction between carbohydrates and amino compounds. The aim of this study was to draw conclusions about the formation mechanism and the structure of melanoidins formed at low water contents and low temperatures. In the Maillard reaction of d-glucose and γ-aminobutyric acid at low water contents 3-deoxyglucosone is the most important intermediate.

Importance of Ecological Variables in Explaining Population Dynamics of Three Important Pine Pest Insects.

Climate change challenges forest vitality both directly by increasing drought and heat periods and indirectly, e.g., by creating favorable conditions for mass outbreaks of phyllophagous insects.

Effect of cellobiose supplementation on in vitro fermentation activity and bacterial numbers of porcine inocula.

In this in vitro study, the modified Hohenheim gas test (HGT) was applied to determine fermentation activity and bacterial composition of pig's faecal microbial inoculum using different concentrations of cellobiose. Incubation procedures included normal buffered and osmotic stress conditions (elevated medium salinity). After 24 hr of fermentation, production of gas, ammonia and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) was measured, and the gene copy numbers of total bacteria, Lactobacillus spp.

Reconstructive dosimetry for cutaneous radiation syndrome.

According to the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), a relatively significant number of radiological accidents have occurred in recent years mainly because of the practices referred to as potentially high-risk activities, such as radiotherapy, large irradiators and industrial radiography, especially in gammagraphy assays. In some instances, severe injuries have occurred in exposed persons due to high radiation doses. In industrial radiography, 80 cases involving a total of 120 radiation workers, 110 members of the public including 12 deaths have been recorded up to 2014.

Human taste and umami receptor responses to chemosensorica generated by Maillard-type N²-alkyl- and N²-arylthiomethylation of guanosine 5'-monophosphates.

Structural modification of the exocyclic amino function of guanosine 5'-monophosphate (5'-GMP) by Maillard-type reactions with reducing carbohydrates was recently found to increase the umami-enhancing activity of the nucleotide upon S-N(2)-1-carboxyalkylation and S-N(2)-(1-alkylamino)carbonylalkylation, respectively. Since the presence of sulfur atoms in synthetic N(2)-alkylated nucleotides was reported to be beneficial for sensory activity, a versatile Maillard-type modification of 5'-GMP upon reaction with glycine's Strecker aldehyde formaldehyde and organic thiols was performed in the present study. A series of N(2)-(alkylthiomethyl)guanosine and N(2)-(arylthiomethyl)guanosine 5'-monophosphates was generated and the compounds were evaluated to what extent they enhance the umami response to monosodium L-glutamate in vivo by a paired-choice comparison test using trained human volunteers and in vitro by means of cell-based umami taste receptor assay.

Cortisol levels in former preterm children at school age are predicted by neonatal procedural pain-related stress.

Early life stress can alter hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis function. Differences in cortisol levels have been found in preterm infants exposed to substantial procedural stress during neonatal intensive care, compared to infants born full-term, but only a few studies investigated whether altered programming of the HPA axis persists past toddler age. Further, there is a dearth of knowledge of what may contribute to these changes in cortisol.

Bitter-tasting and kokumi-enhancing molecules in thermally processed avocado (Persea americana Mill.).

Sequential application of solvent extraction and RP-HPLC in combination with taste dilution analyses (TDA) and comparative TDA, followed by LC-MS and 1D/2D NMR experiments, led to the discovery of 10 C(17)-C(21) oxylipins with 1,2,4-trihydroxy-, 1-acetoxy-2,4-dihydroxy-, and 1-acetoxy-2-hydroxy-4-oxo motifs, respectively, besides 1-O-stearoyl-glycerol and 1-O-linoleoyl-glycerol as bitter-tasting compounds in thermally processed avocado (Persea americana Mill.). On the basis of quantitative data, dose-over-threshold (DoT) factors, and taste re-engineering experiments, these phytochemicals, among which 1-acetoxy-2-hydroxy-4-oxo-octadeca-12-ene was found with the highest taste impact, were confirmed to be the key contributors to the bitter off-taste developed upon thermal processing of avocado.

The natural history of multiple sclerosis: a geographically based study 10: relapses and long-term disability.

The relationship of relapses to long-term disability in multiple sclerosis is uncertain. Relapse reduction is a common therapeutic target but clinical trials have shown dissociation between relapse suppression and disability accumulation. We investigated relationships between relapses and disability progression for outcomes of requiring assistance to walk, being bedridden and dying from multiple sclerosis [Disability Status Scale 6, 8, 10] by analysing 28 000 patient-years of evolution in 806-bout onset patients from the London Ontario natural history cohort.

Mechanistic basis for LQT1 caused by S3 mutations in the KCNQ1 subunit of IKs.

Long QT interval syndrome (LQTS) type 1 (LQT1) has been reported to arise from mutations in the S3 domain of KCNQ1, but none of the seven S3 mutations in the literature have been characterized with respect to trafficking or biophysical deficiencies. Surface channel expression was studied using a proteinase K assay for KCNQ1 D202H/N, I204F/M, V205M, S209F, and V215M coexpressed with KCNE1 in mammalian cells. In each case, the majority of synthesized channel was found at the surface, but mutant I(Ks) current density at +100 mV was reduced significantly for S209F, which showed approximately 75% reduction over wild type (WT).

Correlation between pharmacologically-induced changes in cystometric parameters and spinal c-Fos expression in rats.

The inhibition of bladder sensory transmission is critical for the pharmacotherapy of urine storage symptoms. The purpose of this study is to examine the correlation between pharmacologically-induced changes in cystometric parameters and spinal c-Fos expression in anesthetized rats with bladder hyperactivity induced by the intravesical infusion of acetic acid. Animals were intravenously infused with either oxybutynin (OXY), a muscarinic receptor antagonist, tamsulosin (TAM), an alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonist, CL316243 (CL), a beta3-adrenoceptor agonist, or saline.

Clinical prognostic factors in multiple sclerosis: a natural history review.

This Review summarizes the natural history studies on multiple sclerosis (MS) that have evaluated prognostic factors. Reassessment of prognostic factors is warranted, as our ability to offer patients a reliable prognosis is limited, yet we rely on this knowledge to appropriately design clinical trials and interpret their results. The selection criteria for studies to review included a geographical referral base, duration of at least 9 years, prospective design, and populations of at least 100 patients with MS.

Mutations in the hemochromatosis gene and the clinical outcome of multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common inflammatory disease of the central nervous system unsurpassed for its variability in disease outcome. Given a possible role for dysregulation of iron metabolism in MS disease pathogenesis, we investigated whether or not mutations in the HFE gene influence the prognosis of the disease. A cohort of sporadic MS cases, taken from opposite extremes of the putative distribution of long-term outcome using the most stringent clinical criteria to date, was used to determine the role of HFE on MS disease severity.

The genetics of clinical outcome in multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS), the clinical course of which varies considerably between patients. Genetic complexity and interactions with as yet unknown environmental factors have hindered researchers from fully elucidating the aetiology of the disease. In addition to influencing disease susceptibility, epidemiological evidence suggests that genetic factors may affect phenotypic expression of the disease.

Analysis of 45 candidate genes for disease modifying activity in multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common inflammatory disease of the central nervous system unsurpassed for its variability in disease outcome. As little is conclusively known about MS disease mechanisms, we have selected a variety of candidate genes that may influence the prognosis of the disease based on their function. A cohort of sporadic MS cases, taken from opposite extremes of the putative distribution of long-term outcome using the most stringent clinical criteria to date, was used to determine the role of on MS disease severity.

The role of hereditary spastic paraplegia related genes in multiple sclerosis. A study of disease susceptibility and clinical outcome.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common inflammatory disease of the central nervous system unsurpassed for its variability in disease outcome. It has been observed that axonal loss in MS is significant and that irreversible clinical disability relates to such axonal loss. The clinical similarities between Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia (HSP) and progressive MS, along with their analogous profiles of axonal loss in the long tracts, make the genes known to cause HSP biologically relevant candidates for the study of clinical outcome in MS.

No effect of APOE and PVRL2 on the clinical outcome of multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common inflammatory disease of the central nervous system unsurpassed for its variability in disease outcome. Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is involved in neuronal remodelling and several studies have attempted to examine the effect of APOE on MS disease severity, but its function in modifying the course of MS is controversial. It has been suggested recently that PVRL2, not APOE, is the locus on chromosome 19 which influences clinical outcome of MS.

Mechanism of wine lactone formation: demonstration of stereoselective cyclization and 1,3-hydride shift.

The cyclization mechanism of (E)-2,6-dimethyl-6-hydroxyocta-2,7-dienoic acid to wine lactone under acidic aqueous conditions was investigated using the two stereoselectively deuterium-labeled precursors (2E,6R,7Z)-[8-2H]-2,6-dimethyl-6-hydroxyocta-2,7-dienoic acid and (2E,7E)-(+/-)-[8-2H]-2,6-dimethyl-6-hydroxyocta-2,7-dienoic acid. A detailed analysis of the generated wine lactone isomers by enantioselective multidimensional gas chromatography (MDGC)/ion trap tandem mass spectrometry demonstrates that the formation of wine lactone proceeds via a nonenzymatic stereoselective cationic cyclization cascade that includes a 1,3-hydride shift. Usually, such mechanisms are features of cyclization reactions that are catalyzed by terpene cyclases.

High-resolution anatomic, diffusion tensor, and magnetization transfer magnetic resonance imaging of the optic chiasm at 3T.

Purpose: To evaluate techniques for anatomical and physiological imaging of the intracranial optic nerve (ON), optic chiasm (OC), and optic tract (OT) at 3T with the aim of visualizing axonal damage in multiple sclerosis (MS).

Materials And Methods: Imaging was performed on a 3T scanner employing a custom-designed head coil that consisted of a coil array with four coils (30 x 30 cm(2)). Oblique fast spin echo (FSE) images, magnetization transfer (MT)-enhanced 3D gradient-echo (GRE) time-of-flight (TOF) images, and line scan diffusion images (LSDI) were obtained.

Anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha-associated multiple sclerosis.

A case of multiple sclerosis presenting during anti-tumor necrosis factor treatment for rheumatoid arthritis is discussed. This association has been reported in the nonradiological literature, but is an important association for radiologists to be aware of, as they may be in a position to first suggest the diagnosis.