Segmentation and Estimation of Fetal Biometric Parameters using an Attention Gate Double U-Net with Guided Decoder Architecture.

The fetus's health is evaluated with the biometric parameters obtained from the low-resolution ultrasound images. The accuracy of biometric parameters in existing protocols typically depends on conventional image processing approaches and hence, is prone to error. This study introduces the Attention Gate Double U-Net with Guided Decoder (ADU-GD) model specifically crafted for fetal biometric parameter prediction.

Genioplasty - A Review.

Genioplasty, a key technique for dentofacial abnormalities, is essential for establishing facial harmony. This surgical procedure entails an osteotomy of the chin, which alters its three-dimensional location to restore overall face equilibrium. Modern genioplasty, which is frequently performed alone or in combination with rhinoplasty, facelifts, and orthognathic surgery, employs a variety of materials for chin augmentation, ranging from autologous to alloplastic.

Effect of Single dose of Methylprednisolone Injection at Stylomandibular Ligament Insertion on Pain and Various Mandibular Movements Among Patients with Ernest Syndrome: A Pilot Study.

Insertion tendinosis of stylomandibular ligament or Ernest syndrome is a rarely encountered cause of orofacial pain. The pain in this disorder originates from the stylomandibular ligament insertion site and radiates to the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), neck, shoulder, and periauricular region. Ten subjects who had undergone surgery for mandible fractures diagnosed with Ernest syndrome were considered for the present study.

Comparative Evaluation of Drill-Free and Self-Tapping Titanium Miniscrews for Semi-Rigid Internal Fixation in Maxillofacial Trauma.

Introduction: Conventional semi-rigid fixation systems in maxillofacial trauma use self-tapping titanium miniscrews (STS) that require preliminary drilling of a pilot hole. Although drill-free miniscrews (DFS) accompany these systems, they have not dominated practice despite their allure of improved screw-bone contact and holding power. The COVID-19 pandemic has brought these DFS to light as they avoid aerosol production.

Impact of prolotherapy in temporomandibular joint disorder: a quality of life assessment.

Chronic pain and functional impairment associated with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders (TMD) considerably reduce oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). In the present study we have assessed the influence of prolotherapy in patients with TMD by the subjective measurement of QoL using the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14). Twenty-five patients diagnosed with TMD (mean (range) age 38 (18 - 70) years) were included.

Efficacy of Prolotherapy in Temporomandibular Joint Disorders: An Exploratory Study.

Introduction: Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders can be treated by both conservative and surgical approaches. Conservative interventions with predictable benefits can be considered as first-line treatment for such disorders. Dextrose prolotherapy is one of the most promising approaches in the management of TMDs, especially in refractory cases where other conservative management has failed.

Objective and subjective comparison of submucosal and intravenous routes of single-dose preoperative dexamethasone for mandibular third molar surgery-a prospective randomized observer-blind study.

Purpose: Adjuvant corticosteroid administration through local routes has gained popularity due to ease of technique, lesser morbidity and presumed advantage of achieving therapeutic dosage at the site. To evaluate this, present study has compared submucosal route with an intravenous route control using single-dose preoperative dexamethasone. The study investigated objective facial measurements, mouth opening and compared them with subjective scores on a visual analogue scale and quality of life (QOL) recovery questionnaire.

Zygomaticomaxillary fracture fixation: a prospective comparative evaluation of two-point versus three-point fixation.

Purpose: Zygomatic bone has a higher risk of sustaining injuries in the maxillofacial skeleton. On fracturing, zygomatic bone separates from the four neighbouring bones at its articulations. Treatment for zygomaticomaxillary fractures has evolved a long way since 3000 BC.

A protracted iGAS outbreak in a long-term care facility 2014-2015: control measures and the use of whole-genome sequencing.

Background: In 2014, two residents of a long-term care facility (LTCF) developed invasive group A streptococcal (iGAS) infections with identical typing (emm 11), resulting in one death. The second resident recovered but had a subsequent episode of emm 11 iGAS infection 10 months later. This second episode was linked to a third case, within 12 days, leading to a further outbreak investigation.

Tongue flap: a "workhorse flap" in repair of recurrent palatal fistulae.

Aim And Objective: A prospective study done to evaluate the efficacy of tongue flaps in secondary palatal defects, in terms of functionality, esthetics, and donor site morbidity, and to clarify the technique of elevating and insetting of tongue flap.

Materials And Method: Twenty patients having recurrent secondary palatal fistula, post cleft treatment were treated with anteriorly and posteriorly based dorsal tongue flaps. Patients were evaluated for outcome in terms of flap uptake and effectiveness, correction of oronasal regurgitation, speech and articulation, donor site morbidity, and esthetics.

Efficacy of buffered local anaesthetics in head and neck infections.

Lignocaine is one of the most commonly-used agents to anaesthetise an area preoperatively. It can, however, cause undesirable effects such as burning on injection, relatively slow onset, and unreliable, or lack of, numbness when injected into infected tissues as a result of the acidic pH of commercial preparations (the pH is between 3.5 and 7.

To Evaluate the Efficacy and Effectiveness of N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate glue (TRU SEAL) in Closure of Oral and Maxillofacial Laceration and Surgical Incisions.

Introduction: Effective wound closure is critical for minimizing wound complications and preventing wound dehiscence. The various wound closure techniques include staples, traditional nylon and skin sutures, subcuticular sutures, and skin adhesives. Currently topical skin adhesives are frequently being used.

Evaluation of the Efficacy of Simvastatin in Bone Regeneration after Surgical Removal of Bilaterally Impacted Third Molars-A Split-Mouth Randomized Clinical Trial.

Purpose: Simvastatin has been reported to promote osteoblastic activity, inhibit osteoclastic activity, and support osteoblast differentiation induced by bone morphogenetic protein. This split-mouth randomized clinical trial evaluated the effect of local application of simvastatin (10 mg) on bone regeneration after surgical removal of bilaterally impacted mandibular third molars.

Materials And Methods: A randomized, split-mouth, single-blinded, single-center trial was performed in 30 patients 18 to 40 years old requiring surgical extraction of bilaterally impacted mandibular third molars.

Comparison of intravenous tramadol versus ketorolac in the management of postoperative pain after oral and maxillofacial surgery.

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the better postoperative analgesic, tramadol, and ketorolac, in patients with maxillofacial trauma and who had undergone maxillofacial surgery, i.e., open reduction internal fixation, under general anesthesia.

Outbreak of hepatitis A associated with men who have sex with men (MSM), England, July 2016 to January 2017.

Between July 2016 and January 2017, 37 confirmed cases of hepatitis A with two unique IA genotype strains primarily among men who have sex with men, were reported across eight areas in England and Northern Ireland. Epidemiological and laboratory investigations indicate that these strains may have been imported several times from Spain, with secondary sexual transmission in the United Kingdom. Local and national public health services are collaborating to control this ongoing outbreak.

A Comparative Prospective Study of Two Different Treatment Sequences i.e. Bottom Up-Inside Out and Topdown-Outside in, in the Treatment of Panfacial Fractures.

Purpose: To compare the sequence bottom-up inside-out with top-down outside-in, in the treatment of pan facial fractures and to evaluate the outcome of these approaches.

Patients And Methods: The data from 11 patients with panfacial fracture are prospectively analysed. Five cases are treated with bottom-up approach and six patients with top-down approach.

A Prospective Study on Management of Mandibular Angle Fracture.

Purpose: To evaluate the results of management of mandibular angle fracture by open reduction and internal fixation using single non compression miniplate via transbuccal, intraoral or extraoral approaches.

Patients And Methods: In this prospective study, 30 patients were randomly selected regardless of age, sex requiring open reduction and internal fixation of non comminuted angle fracture with/or without other associated fractures of the mandible. All the patients were operated under general anaesthesia following routine haematological, biochemical, general physical examination and routine radiographic examination.

Cherubism: a case report.

Cherubism is a benign, self-limiting fibro-osseous lesion characterized by bilateral symmetric painless expansion of jaw which is more prominent in mandible than in maxilla. Males are commonly affected (2:1) and with greater severity. It becomes noticeable in early childhood and gradually regresses after puberty.

The karapandzic flap in lower lip reconstruction.

Human bite injuries are both deceptive and challenging in their presentation and management. They are particularly notorious due to the polymicrobial nature of human saliva inoculated in the wound and the risk they pose for transmission of infectious diseases. Early treatment, appropriate prophylaxis and surgical evaluation are the key to achieving desired treatment outcomes.

Orthopaedic protraction of the maxilla with miniplates: treatment of midface deficiency.

Class III malocclusion is a consequence of maxillary deficiency and/or mandibular prognathism, resulting in an anterior crossbite and a concave profile. Early class III malocclusion treatment with reverse pull headgear generally results in maxillary skeletal protraction but is frequently also accompanied by unfavourable dentoalveolar effects. Titanium miniplates used as temporary anchorage device might permit equivalent favourable skeletal changes without unwanted dentoalveolar effects.

Reconstruction of Post-traumatic Internal Orbital Wall Defects with Titanium Mesh.

Introduction: The management of orbital injuries is one of the most interesting and difficult areas in facial trauma. The improper reconstruction of the orbit frequently results in ophthalmic complications. Though a number of materials are available for use in orbital wall reconstruction, at present titanium mesh could be considered to be the ideal orbital floor repair material.

Fixation of zygomatic and mandibular fractures with biodegradable plates.

Context: In this prospective study, 13 randomly selected patients underwent treatment for zygomatic-complex fractures (2 site fractures) and mandibular fractures using 1.5 / 2 / 2.5-mm INION CPS biodegradable plates and screws.

"Tension band wiring" a simplified approach for fracture reduction and intermittent stabilization.

Introduction: Development in plating systems and technical knowledge regarding the osteosynthesis has made open reductions and rigid internal fixation as the most frequently used mode of treatment in facial skeleton fractures. Various modalities for fracture reduction/stabilization during fixation have been mentioned in literature, describing the use of custom made instruments or reduction forceps etc.

Material And Method: We have used a method of "TENSION BAND WIRING" as a means of reducing and temporarily stabilizing the fracture segments in the mandible during rigid fixation.

Calcium signaling in response to fluid flow by chondrocytes in 3D alginate culture.

Quantifying the effects of mechanical loading on the metabolic response of chondrocytes is difficult due to complicated structure of cartilage ECM and the coupled nature of the mechanical stimuli presented to the cells. In this study we describe the effects of fluid flow, particularly hydrostatic pressure and wall shear stress, on the Ca(2+) signaling response of bovine articular chondrocytes in 3D culture. Using well-established alginate hydrogel system to maintain spherical chondrocyte morphology, we altered solid volume fraction to change scaffold mechanics.