Supervised Exercise Training May Improve Postural Control in Patients with Symptomatic Lower Extremity Peripheral Artery Disease.

Patients with symptomatic peripheral artery disease (PAD) have been shown to present balance disorders and a history of falling, which are associated with functional and daily life impairments. Although postural control improvement is an important outcome, the benefits of supervised exercise training (SET) on postural control have been seldom investigated in these patients. This article investigates the effects of SET on traditional measures of postural control and on stabilogram-diffusion analysis (SDA) parameters in patients with symptomatic PAD.

The load borne by the Achilles tendon during exercise: A systematic review of normative values.

The Achilles tendon (AT) can be exposed to considerable stress during athletic activities and is often subject to pathologies such as tendinopathies. When designing a prevention or rehabilitation protocol, mechanical loading is a key factor to consider. This implies being able to accurately determine the load applied to the AT when performing exercises that stress this tendon.

The fatigue-induced alteration in postural control is larger in hypobaric than in normobaric hypoxia.

To test the hypothesis that postural control would be more affected by plantar flexors fatigue during acute exposure in hypobaric (HH) than in normobaric (NH) hypoxia or normobaric normoxia (NN). Twelve young male adults performed in a random order three experimental sessions (in HH and NH (FO 0.139) at an altitude of 2950 m, and in NN at 500 m) composed of a bipedal postural control with eyes open on a posturographic platform before and after a plantar flexors fatiguing protocol.

From Sedentary and Physical Inactive Behaviours to an Ultra Cycling Race: A Mixed-Method Case Report.

In faculties of health sciences, almost 30% of nursing students exercise less than once a week. This mixed-method case report presents the 38-month evolution of the physiological and psychological health parameters of a sedentary and physically inactive nursing student. During this period, she first took part in a one-semester institutional physical activity (PA) program that was offered by her university before being selected for participation in the Race Across America (RAAM) with a university relay team.

Changes in spatio-temporal gait parameters and vertical speed during an extreme mountain ultra-marathon.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of altitude and distance on uphill vertical speed (VS) and the main spatio-temporal gait parameters during an extreme mountain ultra-marathon. The VS, stride height (SH) and stride frequency (SF) of 27 runners were measured with an inertial sensor at the shank for two different altitude ranges (low 1300-2000 m vs high 2400-3200 m) of 10 mountains passes distributed over a 220 km course. There was a significant interaction ((4,52) = 4.

Participating In The Race Across AMerica In A Team Of Eight Cyclists: Do Not Neglect Crew Preparation.

Background: The Race Across AMerica (RAAM) is considered as one of the longest, and most difficult cycling races in the world. It can be performed in solo or in relay of two, four or eight persons.

Purpose/method: The aim of the present study was to investigate several physiological, perceptual and psychological responses before, during and after RAAM in a team of eight amateur cyclists.

Postural Control Follows a Bi-Phasic Alteration Pattern During Mountain Ultra-Marathon.

It is well knows that postural control (PC) is deteriorated with neuromuscular fatigue, altitude or sleep deprivation induced by a mountain ultra-marathon (MUM). Several regulatory mechanisms have also been reported during this type of event and the changes in PC at different points of MUM remain unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the time course of PC during an extreme MUM.

The effects of tandem skiing on posture and heart rate in children with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities.

Purpose: The objective of study was to determine the effect of tandem ski (TS) activity on postural control and cardiac activity in children with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMDs).

Method: Twenty children with PIMD and 20 age-matched controls (typically developed (TD) children) participated. Body segment movements were measured with inertial sensors (Physilog®) placed on the head, C7, trunk (including ECG) and pelvis with a seat reference.

The Energetics during the World's Most Challenging Mountain Ultra-Marathon-A Case Study at the Tor des Geants®.

To provide insights into the energy requirements as well as the physiological adaptations of an experienced 50-year-old ultra-marathon male athlete during the world's most challenging mountain ultra-marathon (MUM). The international race supporting the study was the Tor des Geants®, characterized by 330 km with +24,000 m D+ to be covered within 150 h. Before the MUM, we assessed the peak oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]) by means of an incremental graded running test.

Assessment of evertor weakness in patients with chronic ankle instability: Functional versus isokinetic testing.

Background: Ankle sprain is the most common sport-related injury and eccentric weakness of ankle evertors is regarded as a significant muscular deficit related to chronic ankle instability. However, the eccentric performance of the evertors is rarely assessed by clinicians because procedures used for research purposes (i.e.

Hamstring Architectural and Functional Adaptations Following Long vs. Short Muscle Length Eccentric Training.

Most common preventive eccentric-based exercises, such as Nordic hamstring do not include any hip flexion. So, the elongation stress reached is lower than during the late swing phase of sprinting. The aim of this study was to assess the evolution of hamstring architectural (fascicle length and pennation angle) and functional (concentric and eccentric optimum angles and concentric and eccentric peak torques) parameters following a 3-week eccentric resistance program performed at long (LML) vs.

External Mechanical Work and Pendular Energy Transduction of Overground and Treadmill Walking in Adolescents with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy.

Purpose: Motor impairments affect functional abilities and gait in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP). Improving their walking is an essential objective of treatment, and the use of a treadmill for gait analysis and training could offer several advantages in adolescents with CP. However, there is a controversy regarding the similarity between treadmill and overground walking both for gait analysis and training in children and adolescents.

Sleep-disordered breathing and daytime postural stability.

Objective: Postural stability depends on the coordination of the central nervous system with visual sense, proprioceptive and vestibular information. Sleep deprivation has been shown to affect this function. The objective of our study was to assess the effects of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) on postural stability.

Walking-induced muscle fatigue impairs postural control in adolescents with unilateral spastic cerebral palsy.

Background: Fatigue is likely to be an important limiting factor in adolescents with spastic cerebral palsy (CP).

Aims: To determine the effects of walking-induced fatigue on postural control adjustments in adolescents with unilateral CP and their typically developing (TD) peers.

Methods: Ten adolescents with CP (14.

The increase in hydric volume is associated to contractile impairment in the calf after the world's most extreme mountain ultra-marathon.

Background: Studies have recently focused on the effect of running a mountain ultra-marathon (MUM) and their results show muscular inflammation, damage and force loss. However, the link between peripheral oedema and muscle force loss is not really established. We tested the hypothesis that, after a MUM, lower leg muscles' swelling could be associated with muscle force loss.

Running Mechanics During the World's Most Challenging Mountain Ultramarathon.

The aim of study was to examine the effects of the world's most challenging mountain ultramarathon (Tor des Géants [TdG]) on running mechanics. Mechanical measurements were undertaken in male runners (n = 16) and a control group (n = 8) before (PRE), during (MID), and after (POST) the TdG. Contact (tc) and aerial (ta) times, step frequency (f), and running velocity (v) were sampled.

Comparison of Four Sections for Analyzing Running Mechanics Alterations During Repeated Treadmill Sprints.

We compared different approaches to analyze running mechanics alterations during repeated treadmill sprints. Thirteen active male athletes performed five 5-second sprints with 25 seconds of recovery on an instrumented treadmill. This approach allowed continuous measurement of running kinetics/kinematics and calculation of vertical and leg stiffness variables that were subsequently averaged over 3 distinct sections of the 5-second sprint (steps 2-5, 7-10, and 12-15) and for all steps (steps 2-15).

Alterations in postural control during the world's most challenging mountain ultra-marathon.

We investigated postural control (PC) effects of a mountain ultra-marathon (MUM): a 330-km trail run with 24000 m of positive and negative change in elevation. PC was assessed prior to (PRE), during (MID) and after (POST) the MUM in experienced ultra-marathon runners (n = 18; finish time = 126 ± 16 h) and in a control group (n = 8) with a similar level of sleep deprivation. Subjects were instructed to stand upright on a posturographic platform over a period of 51.

Sensorimotor control deficiency in recurrent anterior shoulder instability assessed with a stabilometric force platform.

Background: Deficiencies in both afferent proprioceptive information and efferent motor responses have been independently reported in patients with recurrent anterior shoulder instability. We used a validated force platform method to analyze the association between the stabilometric parameters of the upper limb as representative of the shoulder's sensorimotor control and clinical glenohumeral joint instability.

Methods: We enrolled 32 patients with unilateral recurrent anterior post-traumatic shoulder dislocation, on the dominant side in 13 patients (DIG) and the non-dominant side in 19 patients (NDIG) and 16 healthy nonathletic subjects (CG).

Alterations of Neuromuscular Function after the World's Most Challenging Mountain Ultra-Marathon.

We investigated the physiological consequences of the most challenging mountain ultra-marathon (MUM) in the world: a 330-km trail run with 24000 m of positive and negative elevation change. Neuromuscular fatigue (NMF) was assessed before (Pre-), during (Mid-) and after (Post-) the MUM in experienced ultra-marathon runners (n = 15; finish time  = 122.43 hours ±17.

Effect of hip flexion angle on hamstring optimum length after a single set of concentric contractions.

The eccentric contraction mode was proposed to be the primary stimulus for optimum angle (angle at which peak torque occurs) shift. However, the training range of motion (or muscle excursion range) could be a stimulus as important. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of the training range of motion stimulus on the hamstring optimum length.

Relation of central fat mass to obstructive sleep apnea in the elderly.

Study Objectives: Obesity is a recognized risk factor for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). We evaluated whether total trunk and central fat mass (CFM) is associated with OSAS in elderly subjects.

Design: Cross-sectional.

Shoulder strength imbalances as injury risk in handball.

This study was conducted to analyze whether internal (IR) and external (ER) rotator shoulder muscles weakness and/or imbalance collected through a preseason assessment could be predictors of subsequent shoulder injury during a season in handball players. In preseason, 16 female elite handball players (HPG) and 14 healthy female nonathletes (CG) underwent isokinetic IR and ER strength test with use of a Con-Trex® dynamometer in a seated position with 45° shoulder abduction in scapular plane, at 60, 120 and 240°/s in concentric and at 60°/s in eccentric, for both sides. An imbalanced muscular strength profile was determined using -statistically selected cut-offs from CG values.

Isokinetic rotator muscles fatigue in glenohumeral joint instability before and after Latarjet surgery: a pilot prospective study.

We aimed to analyze the changes in isokinetic internal (IR) and external (ER) rotator muscles fatigue (a) in patients with non-operated recurrent anterior instability, and (b) before and after shoulder surgical stabilization with the Bristow-Latarjet procedure. Thirty-seven patients with non-operated unilateral recurrent anterior post-traumatic instability (NG) were compared with 12 healthy subjects [control group (CG)]. Twenty patients with operated recurrent anterior instability group (OG) underwent isokinetic evaluation before and 3, 6, and 21 months after Bristow-Latarjet surgery.