Supplemental oxygen alters the pentose phosphate pathway in the developing mouse brain through SIRT signaling.

Oxygen support plays a critical role in the management of preterm infants in neonatal intensive care units. On the other hand, the possible effects of oxygen supplementation on cellular functions, specifically glucose metabolism, have been less understood. PURPOSE: of the study is to investigate whether supplemental oxygen alters glucose metabolism and pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) activity in the brain tissue and its relevance with silent information regulator proteins (SIRT) pathway.

The effects of open and closed suctioning systems on neonatal pain and vital signs in neonatal intensive care units.

Background: Endotracheal suctioning is a procedure used by neonatal intensive care unit nurses to maximize oxygenation and clear airways of secretions, and is one of the most common painful procedures causing stress in intubated newborns.

Aim: This aim of this study is to compare the effects of open and closed endotracheal suctioning on pain, peak heart rate and oxygen saturation in neonates on mechanicalventilation.

Materials And Methods: This experimental-design study was conducted on 30 newborns who were mechanically ventilated in the tertiary neonatal intensive care unit of a public hospital.

The Impact of Parent-Based Support Programs on Neurodevelopmental Prognosis: Second-Year Results from a Newly Established Neurodevelopmental Follow-Up Unit in a Tertiary Hospital.

This study aims to assess the neurodevelopmental progress of high-risk infants 2 years post implementation of the Neurodevelopmental Follow-Up Unit (NFU) program at our hospital and explore implementation challenges for insights. Infants were assessed using the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (HINE), The Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS), and Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (BSID-III). A multidisciplinary team provided comprehensive parent education covering neurologic cues, postural advice, and developmental instructions in accordance with the children's assessment findings.

The assessment of thoracal approaches in the treatment of aortic coarctation.

Objectives: The optimal choice of surgery in coarctation of the aorta (CoA) remains controversial but it needs to be individualised. However, in most conditions, a surgical approach through thoracotomy maintains adequate exposure to create aortic patency. This study aimed to assess the efficiency and reliability of thoracal approaches in the treatment of CoA by examining the mid- and late-term outcomes, and determining the predictive factors for re-intervention.

Social and Medical Characteristics of Neonates Who Were Abandoned in a Tertiary Maternity Hospital in Turkey.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of neonates who were aban- doned in a tertiary maternity hospital and to determine the accompanying morbidities.

Materials And Methods: This hospital-based, retrospective descriptive study was conducted by evaluating the medical records between 2012 and 2019 in a tertiary hospital in İzmir.

Results: During the study period, there were 76 women who left their babies in the hospital following delivery.

Neonatal Resuscitation Practices in Turkey: A Survey of the Turkish Neonatal Society and the Union of European Neonatal and Perinatal Societies.

Objective: Optimal care in the delivery room is important to decrease neonatal morbidity and mortality. We aimed to evaluate neonatal resuscitation practices in Turkish centers.

Materials And Methods: A cross-sectional survey consisted of a 91-item questionnaire focused on delivery room practices in neonatal resuscitation and was sent to 50 Turkish centers.

Impact of Maternal Ketogenic Diet on NLRP3 Inflammasome Response in the Offspring Brain.

The effects of maternal diet on the neuroimmune responses of the offspring remain to be elucidated. We investigated the impact of maternal ketogenic diet (KD) on the NLRP3 inflammasome response in the offspring's brain. C57BL/6 female mice were randomly allocated into standard diet (SD) and ketogenic diet (KD) groups for 30 days.

Bilirubin induces microglial NLRP3 inflammasome activation in vitro and in vivo.

Despite current advancements in neonatal care, hyperbilirubinemia resulting in bilirubin-induced neurological dysfunction (BIND) continues to be one of the major reasons of mortality or lifelong disability. Although the exact mechanisms underlying brain injury upon bilirubin exposure remains unelucidated, inflammation is considered to be one of the major contributors to BIND. This study investigates the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in bilirubin-induced injury using in vitro and in vivo models.

Bilirubin Measurement Through a Smartphone Application in Preterm Infants.

Backround: Aim of the present study is to evaluate the feasibility and reliability of an smartphone application for monitore of bilirubin levels in preterm infants.

Methods: Preterm infants hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit with gestational age of<35 weeks were included. Exclusion criteria were parental reluctance and requirement of phototherapy in the last 12 hours.

In vitro effects of HO on neural stem cell differentiation.

The development of the CNS is a complex and well-regulated process, where stem cells differentiate into committed cells depending on the stimuli from the microenvironment. Alterations of oxygen levels were stated to be significant in terms of brain development and neurogenesis during embryonic development, as well as the adult neurogenesis. As a product of oxygen processing, hydrogen peroxide (HO) has been established as a key regulator, acting as a secondary messenger, of signal transduction and cellular biological functions.

Oxygen exposure in early life activates NLRP3 inflammasome in mouse brain.

Despite widely known detrimental effects on the developing brain, supplemental oxygen is still irreplaceable in the management of newborn infants with respiratory distress. Identifying downstream mechanisms underlying oxygen toxicity is a key step for development of new neuroprotective strategies. Main purpose of this study is to investigate whether NLRP3 inflammasome activation has a role in the pathogenesis of hyperoxia-induced preterm brain injury.

Intranasal surfactant protein D as neuroprotective rescue in a neonatal rat model of periventricular leukomalacia.

Background: Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) is the leading cause of neurocognitive deficits in children with prematurity. We previously hypothesized that surfactant protein D (SPD) with its ability to bind toll-like receptors may have a possible ameliorating effect in PVL.

Methods: Three groups were defined as: LPS-administered and postnatal intranasal saline administered group, LPS-administered and postnatal intranasal SPD-treated group, and control group.

Multiple Scrotal Ulcers in an Infant Due to a Traditional Child Care Practice: Salting.

Application of salt to the newborn's skin is a common traditional child care custom in Turkey. We present an infant with multiple ulcerating scrotal lesions due to prolonged salt exposure in the diaper area. Scrotal ulcers associated with salting have not been described previously.

Platelets and platelet-derived growth factor in closure of the ductus arteriosus.

The crucial role of platelets in the permanent closure of the ductus arteriosus has recently been elucidated in an animal model; however, clinical studies investigating the impact of platelet count on ductal patency have conflicting results. Our aim is to compare platelet count, indices and serum platelet-derived growth factor levels in preterms with and without ductal patency. Preterms with a gestational age of 27-30 weeks followed up during a twelve-month period in the neonatal intensive care unit of Adnan Menderes University Hospital were enrolled.

Early signs that predict later haemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus.

Objective: Our aim was to determine the optimal cut-off values, sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic power of 12 echocardiographic parameters on the second day of life to predict subsequent ductal patency.

Methods: We evaluated preterm infants, born at ⩽32 weeks of gestation, starting on their second day of life, and they were evaluated every other day until ductal closure or until there were clinical signs of re-opening. We measured transductal diameter; pulmonary arterial diastolic flow; retrograde aortic diastolic flow; pulsatility index of the left pulmonary artery and descending aorta; left atrium and ventricle/aortic root ratio; left ventricular output; left ventricular flow velocity time integral; mitral early/late diastolic flow; and superior caval vein diameter and flow as well as performed receiver operating curve analysis.

A milk pump as a source for spreading Acinetobacter baumannii in a neonatal intensive care unit.

Acinetobacter baumannii is a Gram-negative coccobacillus that has emerged as a troublesome pathogen causing institutional outbreaks. Environmental contamination is a distinctive characteristic of this microorganism, which brings a further difficulty in infection control. During A.

Platelet-rich plasma for patent ductus arteriosus: an orthopaedic surgeon's perspective.

Although closure of ductus arteriosus requires multiple intriguing cell signalling pathways, current treatment options merely act through cyclooxygenase inhibition. Expectedly, medical management of ductus arteriosus is quite far away from optimum and there is an ongoing debate on its efficiency and safety. The ideal therapeutic agent for patent ductus arteriosus should target vascular remodelling and support the arrested molecular steps that should completely eventuate during anatomical closure.

Surfactant protein D as a novel therapy for periventricular leukomalacia: is it the missing piece of the puzzle?

Activation of microglia with an inflammatory insult, which plays a central role in periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), results in premyelinating oligodendrocyte death via release of certain cytokines, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 is necessary for lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced oligodenrocyte injury in the CNS. Having an ability to bind TLR 2, 4, and LPS receptor CD14, surfactant protein D (spD) may be a promising agent to counteract the pathways associated with PVL.