Economics and Equity of Large Language Models: Health Care Perspective.

Large language models (LLMs) continue to exhibit noteworthy capabilities across a spectrum of areas, including emerging proficiencies across the health care continuum. Successful LLM implementation and adoption depend on digital readiness, modern infrastructure, a trained workforce, privacy, and an ethical regulatory landscape. These factors can vary significantly across health care ecosystems, dictating the choice of a particular LLM implementation pathway.

Primary Care Informatics: Vitalizing the Bedrock of Health Care.

Primary care informatics (PCI) professionals address workflow and technology solutions in a wide spectrum of health, ranging from optimizing the experience of the individual patient in the clinic room to supporting the health of populations and augmenting the work of frontline primary care clinical teams. PCI overlaps uniquely with 2 disciplines with an impact on societal health-primary care and health informatics. Primary care is a gateway to health care access and aims to synthesize and coordinate numerous, complex elements of patients' health and medical care in a holistic manner.

Nanotechnology-assisted combination drug delivery: a progressive approach for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a heterogeneous hematopoietic cancer prevalent in adults, has been a leading cause of leukemia-associated deaths for decades. Despite advancements in understanding its pathology and pharmacological targets, therapeutic strategies have seen minimal change. The standard treatment, combining cytarabine and anthracycline, has persisted, accompanied by challenges such as pharmacokinetic issues and non-specific drug delivery, leading to severe side effects.

An insight into the therapeutic effects of isoliquiritigenin in breast cancer.

Breast cancer ranks as the most widespread malignant condition in women, emerging as a primary contributor to mortality. The primary challenges in cancer treatments involve undesirable side effects. Therefore, exploring natural compounds as additional therapy could provide valuable insights.

Artificial Intelligence in the Provision of Health Care: An American College of Physicians Policy Position Paper.

Internal medicine physicians are increasingly interacting with systems that implement artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) technologies. Some physicians and health care systems are even developing their own AI models, both within and outside of electronic health record (EHR) systems. These technologies have various applications throughout the provision of health care, such as clinical documentation, diagnostic image processing, and clinical decision support.

Synthetic and Natural Radioprotective Agents: Recent Status and their Underlying Mechanism of Action.

Various substances possessing radiation scavenging properties, known as radioprotectors, play a crucial role in shielding organisms from the harmful effects of ionizing radiation (IR) by preventing cellular damage caused by free radicals. Initially, synthetic radioprotectors were developed using thiol synthetic compounds. However, among these, only amifostine (WR-2721) underwent clinical testing as a radioprotector.

Unlocking the potential of oncology biomarkers: advancements in clinical theranostics.

Introduction: Cancer biomarkers have revolutionized the field of oncology by providing valuable insights into tumor changes and aiding in screening, diagnosis, prognosis, treatment prediction, and risk assessment. The emergence of "omic" technologies has enabled biomarkers to become reliable and accurate predictors of outcomes during cancer treatment.

Content: In this review, we highlight the clinical utility of biomarkers in cancer identification and motivate researchers to establish a personalized/precision approach in oncology.

An Evidence-based Preoperative Evaluation Documentation Template Improves Perioperative Communication.

Objectives: The number of surgeries performed in the United States has increased over the past two decades, with a shift to the ambulatory setting. Perioperative complications and mortality pose significant health care burdens. Inadequate preoperative assessment and documentation contribute to communication failure and poor patient outcomes.

Structure and Funding of Clinical Informatics Fellowships: A National Survey of Program Directors.

Background: In 2011, the American Board of Medical Specialties established clinical informatics (CI) as a subspecialty in medicine, jointly administered by the American Board of Pathology and the American Board of Preventive Medicine. Subsequently, many institutions created CI fellowship training programs to meet the growing need for informaticists. Although many programs share similar features, there is considerable variation in program funding and administrative structures.

Association of temozolomide with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: a disproportionality analysis integrated with network pharmacology.

Background: Temozolomide (TMZ) is an alkylating agent approved for the management of glioblastoma. The TMZ is not known for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). The main objective of the current study is to find out the association of TMZ with PML using disproportionality analysis of FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) data integrated with network pharmacological approaches.

Diverse Applications of Three-Dimensional Printing in Biomedical Engineering: A Review.

A three-dimensional (3D) printing is a robotically controlled state-of-the-art technology that is promising for all branches of engineering with a meritorious emphasis to biomedical engineering. The purpose of 3D printing (3DP) is to create exact superstructures without any framework in a brief period with high reproducibility to create intricate and complex patient-tailored structures for organ regeneration, drug delivery, imaging processes, designing personalized dose-specific tablets, developing 3D models of organs to plan surgery and to understand the pathology of disease, manufacturing cost-effective surgical tools, and fabricating implants and organ substitute devices for prolonging the lives of patients, etc. The formulation of bioinks and programmed G codes help to obtain precise 3D structures, which determines the stability and functioning of the 3D-printed structures.

Identification of novel signal of Raynaud's phenomenon with Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide(CGRP) antagonists using data mining algorithms and network pharmacological approaches.

Background: Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) antagonists are recently approved for the treatment of migraine.

Aim: The main aim of the current study was to find out the association of CGRP antagonists with RP using data mining algorithms integrated with network pharmacological approaches.

Research Design And Methods: The individual case safety reports were extracted using OpenVigil2.

Structure-based virtual screening for identification of potential CDC20 inhibitors and their therapeutic evaluation in breast cancer.

Unlabelled: Cell division cycle 20 (CDC20), a critical partner of anaphase promoting complex (APC/C), is indispensably required for metaphase-to-anaphase transition. CDC20 overexpression in TNBC breast cancer patients has been found to be correlated with poor prognosis, hence, we aimed to target CDC20 for TNBC therapeutics. In silico molecular docking of large-scale chemical libraries (phytochemicals/synthetic drugs) against CDC20 protein structure identified five synthetic drugs and four phytochemicals as potential hits interacting with CDC20 active site.

An Insight into Current Treatment Strategies, Their Limitations, and Ongoing Developments in Vaccine Technologies against Herpes Simplex Infections.

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection, the most prevalent viral infection that typically lasts for a lifetime, is associated with frequent outbreaks of oral and genital lesions. Oral herpes infection is mainly associated with HSV-1 through oral contact, while genital herpes originates due to HSV-2 and is categorized under sexually transmitted diseases. Immunocompromised patients and children are more prone to HSV infection.

Precision medicine: Ray of hope in overcoming cancer multidrug resistance.

Multi-drug resistance (MDR) developed in response to chemotherapy is one of the prominent causes of therapeutic failure. The major underlying factors that contribute to such malignancies include tumor microenvironment, genetic alterations, changes at the cellular level and most of all the heterogeneity of tumors. Recent advances in the field of oncology have prompted a mechanistic understanding of the human genome which is responsible for such alterations, upon which the therapy would be designed.

Application of Nutraceuticals in Managing Osteoarthritis and Osteoporosis.

Background: Several health problems, especially musculoskeletal disorders, are caused by differences in work cultures and human lifestyles around the world. While the conventional approach to treating such conditions emphasizes a balanced work-life and daily exercise, nutraceuticals have proven to be successful. Nutraceuticals are dietary compounds that help sustain cartilage metabolism homeostasis, reducing articular pain.

Repurposing Drugs as Novel Triple-negative Breast Cancer Therapeutics.

Background: Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive form of Breast Cancer (BC), with high rates of metastasis and recurrence and limited treatment options. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy, for example, have several harmful side effects, and no FDA-approved therapies are currently available. Repurposing old clinically approved drugs to target various TNBC targets is a novel method that has fewer side effects and leads to successful, low-cost drug development in a shorter amount of time.

Topical Tacrolimus Progylcosomes Nano-Vesicles As a Potential Therapy for Experimental Dry Eye Syndrome.

The present work aimed to evaluate the efficacy of topical tacrolimus (0.01%) loaded propylene glycol (PG) modified nano-vesicles (Proglycosomes Nano-vesicles, PNVs) for the treatment of experimental dry eye syndrome (DES) in rabbits. DES was induced by topical application of atropine (1.

Extracellular matrix extraction techniques and applications in biomedical engineering.

The concept of tissue engineering involves regeneration and repair of damaged tissue and organs using various combinations of cells, growth factors and scaffolds. The extracellular matrix (ECM) forms the integral part of the scaffold to induce cell proliferation thereby leading to new tissue formation. Decellularization technique provides decellularized ECM (dECM), free of cells while preserving the biomolecules.