Effect of Heat Treatment on Residual Stress of Cold Sprayed Nickel-based Superalloys.

Residual stress formation during cold spraying process may result in deteriorative effects on the performance of coating materials. The objective of this investigation is to characterize residual stress built-up in two well-known nickel-based superalloys (Inconel 625 and Inconel 718) deposited using cold spraying technique. To this end, the residual stress was precisely measured using x-ray diffraction method.

End-stage renal disease and metalworking fluid exposure.

Objective: Despite increasing prevalence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), little attention has been directed to how occupational exposures may contribute to risk. Our objective was to investigate the relationship between metalworking fluids (MWF) and ESRD in a cohort of 36 703 male autoworkers.

Methods: We accounted for competing risk of death, using the subdistribution hazard approach to estimate subhazard ratios (sHRs) and 95% CIs in models with cubic splines for cumulative exposure to MWF (straight, soluble or synthetic).

Admixture mapping identifies African and Amerindigenous local ancestry loci associated with fetal growth.

Fetal growth is an important determinant of cardiometabolic disease risk during childhood and adulthood. The genetic architecture of fetal growth remains largely understudied in ancestrally diverse populations. We conducted genome-wide admixture mapping scan and analysis of genetic ancestry among Hispanic American, African American, European American, and Asian American pregnant women to identify genetic loci associated with fetal growth measures across 13-40 weeks gestation.

The role of dental insurance in mitigating mortality among working-age U.S. adults with periodontitis.

Aim: To assess the relationship of dental insurance with all-cause mortality and mortality due to cardiovascular diseases (CVD), diabetes mellitus (DM), and cerebrovascular diseases (CBD) among those with periodontitis.

Materials And Methods: NHANES III and its associated mortality data set were used in this study. The outcome variables were "all-cause mortality" and "combined mortality" due to CVD, DM, and CBD.

Early pregnancy dyslipidemia is associated with placental DNA methylation at loci relevant for cardiometabolic diseases.

To identify placental DNA methylation changes that are associated with early pregnancy maternal dyslipidemia. We analyzed placental genome-wide DNA methylation (n = 262). Genes annotating differentially methylated CpGs were evaluated for gene expression in placenta (n = 64).

Trans-ethnic meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identifies maternal ITPR1 as a novel locus influencing fetal growth during sensitive periods in pregnancy.

Abnormal fetal growth is a risk factor for infant morbidity and mortality and is associated with cardiometabolic diseases in adults. Genetic influences on fetal growth can vary at different gestation times, but genome-wide association studies have been limited to birthweight. We performed trans-ethnic genome-wide meta-analyses and fine mapping to identify maternal genetic loci associated with fetal weight estimates obtained from ultrasound measures taken during pregnancy.

Placental DNA methylation changes associated with maternal prepregnancy BMI and gestational weight gain.

Background: Maternal obesity prior to or during pregnancy influences fetal growth, predisposing the offspring to increased risk for obesity across the life course. Placental epigenetic mechanisms may underlie these associations. We conducted an epigenome-wide association study to identify placental DNA methylation changes associated with maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) and rate of gestational weight gain at first (GWG1), second (GWG2), and third trimester (GWG3).

Maternal BMI-Increasing Genetic Risk Score and Fetal Weights among Diverse US Ethnic Groups.

Objective: Associations between maternal genetic risk for obesity and fetal weight were examined at the end of the first (13 weeks 6 days), second (27 weeks 6 days), and third (40 weeks 0 days) trimesters of pregnancy among four race/ethnic groups in the US.

Methods: For 603 white, 591 black, 535 Hispanic, and 216 Asian women, maternal genetic risk score (GRS) was calculated as the sum of 189 BMI-increasing alleles and was categorized into high or low GRS. Associations between GRS (continuous and categorical) and estimated fetal weight were tested overall and stratified by prepregnancy BMI, gestational weight gain (GWG), and fetal sex.

Maternal dyslipidemia during early pregnancy and epigenetic ageing of the placenta.

Disruption of physiological ageing of the placenta is associated with obstetric complications. Altered lipid metabolism is a known trigger of tissue ageing, but the effect of maternal dyslipidemia on placental ageing is not clearly understood. We examined the relationship between maternal dyslipidemia and placental age acceleration (PAA), an epigenetic ageing measure derived from the difference between DNA methylation age and chronological gestational age.

Maternal and Offspring Genetic Risk of Type 2 Diabetes and Offspring Birthweight Among African Ancestry Populations.

Objectives: Maternal genetic risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) can influence offspring birthweight through shared offspring genetic risk and by altering intrauterine glycemic status. The aim of this study was to estimate the independent effects of maternal and offspring genetic risk scores (GRSs) of T2D on offspring birthweight and the extent to which intrauterine glycemic traits mediate the effect of maternal GRSs on offspring birthweight.

Design: The study involved 949 mother-offspring pairs of African ancestry from the Hyperglycemia Adverse Pregnancy Outcome study.

Genetic overlap between birthweight and adult cardiometabolic diseases has implications for genomic medicine.

Before implementing therapeutic genomic interventions for optimizing health in early life, comprehensive understanding of their effect on several traits across the life course is warranted. Abnorml  birthweight is associated with cardiometabolic disease risk in adulthood; however, the extent of genetic pleiotropy in the association has not been comprehensively investigated. We tested for pleiotropy and enrichment of functional loci between birthweight and 15 cardiometabolic disease traits (CMD).

Influence of Fetal and Maternal Genetic Susceptibility to Obesity on Birthweight in African Ancestry Populations.

Fetal and maternal genetic propensity to obesity can influence birthweight. We investigated the effects of fetal and maternal genetic risk of obesity on birthweight and evaluated whether these genetic influences modify the well-known association between maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and birthweight. In 950 mother-baby pairs of African ancestry, a genetic risk score for adulthood obesity was generated for mothers (mGRS) and their babies (bGRS) as the weighted sum of BMI-increasing alleles of 97 single nucleotide polymorphisms known to be associated with BMI.

Cross-sectional association of physical activity and periodontal antibodies.

Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate the cross-sectional association between physical activity and serum IgG antibodies against selected periodontal microorganisms.

Methods: The study population consisted of 5,611 randomly selected US adults who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III (1988 to 1994), who were 40 years and older with complete IgG antibody data against 19 oral microorganisms. We used cluster analysis to classify the 19 antibody titers into 4 mutually exclusive groups called "Orange-Red," "Red-Green," "Yellow- Orange," and "Orange-Blue," and calculated cluster scores by summing antibody titer z-scores for each of the four groups.

Risk of renal cell carcinoma following exposure to metalworking fluids among autoworkers.

Objectives: Metalworking fluids (MWF), used to cool and lubricate metal in occupational settings, are linked to several cancers but data on kidney cancer are limited. We examine how MWF influence the rate of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in a large prospective study.

Methods: A cohort of Michigan autoworkers consisting of 33 421 individuals was followed from 1985 to 2009.

Relationship between serologic markers of periodontal bacteria and metabolic syndrome and its components.

Background: Periodontitis is a result of a complex biologic alteration of the periodontal microenvironment and a distributional shift of key periodontal pathogens. Metabolic syndrome (MetS), a complex cluster of cardiovascular risk factors, has been linked to periodontal diseases; however, the contribution of periodontal bacteria to systemic conditions remains unclear.

Methods: The study population comprised 7,848 United States adults who participated in an interview, underwent a clinical oral-health examination, and had serum immunoglobulin G titers measured against 19 periodontal bacteria as part of the third National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey.

Association of exercise heart rate response and incidence of hypertension in men.

Objective: To examine the association of heart rate (HR) responses at rest, during exercise, and after exercise with incident hypertension (HTN) in men.

Participants And Methods: A total of 10,418 healthy normotensive men without abnormalities on electrocardiography or a history of myocardial infarction, stroke, cancer, or diabetes underwent a maximal exercise test and were followed up for incidence of HTN. Heart rate reserve was defined as the maximal HR minus resting HR.