Review of pediatric combined heart-liver transplantation: A roadmap to success.

Background: Combined heart-liver transplantation (CHLT) is a promising technique to address end stage organ failure in patients with concomitant heart failure and chronic liver disease. While most experience with CHLT has involved adult patients, the expanding population of children born with univentricular congenital heart disease who underwent the Fontan procedure and develop Fontan-associated liver disease (FALD) has emerged as a growing indication for pediatric CHLT.

Methods: Currently, CHLT is performed at a select subset of experienced transplant centers, especially in the pediatric population.

Virtual Versus In-Person Head and Neck Physical Examination Training in Medical Students: A Pilot Assessment.

Objective: To compare the effect of virtual and in-person head and neck physical examination training events on medical student confidence in performing examination maneuvers and seeking mentorship from otolaryngology faculty and residents.

Methods: Training events were held with first-year medical student volunteers in 2020 (in-person) and 2021 (virtual). Participants in both cohorts were given didactics on head and neck cancer, trained to perform a head and neck physical examination, and demonstrated their clinical skills to otolaryngology faculty and residents.

Revisiting transplant immunology through the lens of single-cell technologies.

Solid organ transplantation (SOT) is the standard of care for end-stage organ disease. The most frequent complication of SOT involves allograft rejection, which may occur via T cell- and/or antibody-mediated mechanisms. Diagnosis of rejection in the clinical setting requires an invasive biopsy as there are currently no reliable biomarkers to detect rejection episodes.

The Role of Educational Podcast Use Among Otolaryngology Residents.

Objective: Medical podcasts are becoming increasingly available; however, it is unclear how these new resources are being used by trainees or whether they influence clinical practice. This study explores the preferences and experiences of otolaryngology residents with otolaryngology-specific podcasts, and the impact of these podcasts on resident education and clinical practice.

Methods: An 18-question survey was distributed anonymously to a representative junior (up to post-graduate year 3) and senior (post-graduate year 4 or greater) otolaryngology residents at most programs across the US.

The Current Status of Bioartificial Pancreas Devices.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a common and highly morbid disease for which there is no cure. Treatment primarily involves exogenous insulin administration, and, under specific circumstances, islet or pancreas transplantation. However, insulin replacement alone fails to replicate the endocrine function of the pancreas and does not provide durable euglycemia.

In Vitro models for thrombogenicity testing of blood-recirculating medical devices.

Introduction: Blood-recirculating medical devices, such as mechanical circulatory support (MCS), extracorporeal membrane oxygenators (ECMO), and hemodialyzers, are commonly used to treat or improve quality of life in patients with cardiac, pulmonary, and renal failure, respectively. As part of their regulatory approval, guidelines for thrombosis evaluation in pre-clinical development have been established. testing evaluates a device's potential to produce thrombosis markers in static and dynamic flow loops.