Genetics and Age-Related Eye Disease Study Formulation Interaction in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

Purpose: This work aims to determine whether previously defined genotype risk groups interact with Age-Related Eye Disease Study formulation (AREDS-F) use in progression to neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nvAMD).

Methods: We conducted a case-only study of 265 nvAMD patients. Patients were anonymously genotyped at the complement factor H and age-related maculopathy susceptibility 2 loci and segregated into genotype groups (GTGs) defined by specific combinations of risk alleles.

EFFECT OF SERIAL ANTERIOR CHAMBER PARACENTESIS ON SUSTAINED INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE ELEVATION IN PATIENTS RECEIVING INTRAVITREAL ANTI-VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR THERAPY.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of serial anterior chamber (AC) paracenteses in eyes with sustained elevations of intraocular pressure (IOP) in the setting of repeated intravitreal injections (IVI) of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor medications.

Methods: This is a retrospective records review of patients undergoing IVI of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor medication (bevacizumab, ranubizumab, or aflibercept), who demonstrated a sustained elevation of preinjection IOP and also received AC paracentesis immediately after IVI on at least three consecutive visits. Changes in preinjection IOP and cup-to-disk (C:D) ratio were compared before and after the initiation of IVI and before and after the introduction of AC paracenteses with each subsequent IVI.

An Eye Popping Case of Orbital Necrotizing Fasciitis Treated with Antibiotics, Surgery, and Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy.

BACKGROUND Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) of the orbit is a rare and deadly condition that requires prompt surgical and medical management to decrease morbidity and mortality.  CASE REPORT Here we present an interesting case of an individual who developed fulminant NF of the left orbit requiring emergent surgical intervention, antibiotics, and subsequent hyperbaric oxygen therapy in an attempt to save the eye.  CONCLUSIONS With an early and aggressive multifaceted approach using antibiotics, surgery, and hyperbaric oxygen it may be possible to preserve eye structure and function.

Short-term effects of brimonidine/timolol and dorzolamide/timolol on ocular perfusion pressure and blood flow in glaucoma.

Introduction: To examine the comparative short-term effects of brimonidine/timolol and dorzolamide/timolol on ocular perfusion pressure and retrobulbar blood flow in patients with primary open angle glaucoma (OAG).

Methods: In a prospective, randomized, double-blind, crossover study, intraocular pressure (IOP), blood pressure (BP), ocular perfusion pressure (OPP), and retrobulbar hemodynamics were assessed in 15 patients with OAG (mean age 68.1 years, eight women) with well controlled IOP.

Endothelin and its suspected role in the pathogenesis and possible treatment of glaucoma.

Purpose: To review the role of endothelin in intraocular pressure control, its effect on the trabecular meshwork (TM) and the outflow facility, effect on ocular blood flow and vascular regulation and the potential role of endothelin-1 (ET-1) antagonism in the therapeutic paradigm of glaucoma.

Methods: A thorough review of the medical literature and a meta-analysis on the level of ET-1 in OAG patients in an attempt to demonstrate the evolving importance of endothelin in glaucoma.

Results: ET-1 has been identified in the plasma in concentrations that are markedly increased in a number of systemic as well as ocular pathologies such as glaucoma where underlying vascular dysfunction and pathology play a role.

Contrast sensitivity, ocular blood flow and their potential role in assessing ischaemic retinal disease.

Purpose: To examine the definition, evaluation methodology, association to ocular blood flow and potential clinical value of contrast sensitivity (CS) testing in clinical and research settings, focusing in patients with ischemic retinal disease.

Methods: A review of the medical literature focusing on CS and ocular blood flow in ischemic retinal disease.

Results: CS may be more sensitive than other methods at detecting subtle defects or improvements in primarily central retinal ganglion cell function early on in a disease process.

Feasibility of creating a normative database of colour Doppler imaging parameters in glaucomatous eyes and controls.

Colour Doppler imaging (CDI) is a frequently cited methodology for quantifying ocular blood flow velocities. This investigation reviews the feasibility of creating a normative database of CDI parameters in glaucoma patients and controls. A literature search was conducted for CDI studies involving glaucomatous eyes.

Update and critical appraisal of combined timolol and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and the effect on ocular blood flow in glaucoma patients.

Topical hypotensive therapy with both timolol and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors has been shown to be efficacious at reducing intraocular pressure. Many prospective studies have also suggested that carbonic anhydrase inhibitors augment ocular blood flow and vascular regulation independent of their hypotensive effects. Although consistent in their findings, these studies must be cautiously interpreted due to the limitations of study design and specific blood flow imaging modalities.