Simultaneous separation and identification of limonoids from citrus using liquid chromatography-collision-induced dissociation mass spectra.

Limonoids are considered as potential cancer chemopreventive agents and are widely distributed in the Citrus genus as aglycones and glucosides. In the present study, reversed-phase HPLC coupled with CID mass spectra was developed for the simultaneous separation and identification of aglycones and glucosides of limonoids from citrus. Five aglycones such as limonin, deacetyl nomilin, ichangin, isolimonoic acid and nomilin were identified by positive ion CID MS/MS, whereas five glucosides, viz.

Limonin methoxylation influences the induction of glutathione S-transferase and quinone reductase.

Previous studies have indicated the chemopreventive potential of citrus limonoids due to the induction of phase II detoxifying enzymes. In the present study, three citrus limonoids were purified and identified from sour orange seeds as limonin, limonin glucoside (LG), and deacetylnomilinic acid glucoside (DNAG). In addition, limonin was modified to defuran limonin and limonin 7-methoxime.

Simultaneous extraction of bioactive limonoid aglycones and glucoside from Citrus aurantium L. using hydrotropy.

Citrus limonoids were demonstrated to possess potential biological activities in reducing the risk of certain diseases. Limonoids are present in citrus fruits in the form of aglycones and glucosides. At present, limonoid aglycones and limonoid glucosides are extracted in multiple steps using different solvents.

Supercritical fluid extraction of limonoid glucosides from grapefruit molasses.

Limonoid glucosides (primarily limonin 17-beta-D-glucopyranoside, LG) were extracted from grapefruit molasses by supercritical fluid extraction using a supercritical carbon dioxide-ethanol (SC CO(2)-ethanol) system. Extraction conditions to maximize the yield of LG were determined by varying pressure, temperature, ethanol concentration, and extraction time. The highest yield of LG at 0.