Exposure and probable ingestion of fluoride through non-dietary edible items from Panipat (NCR), India.

The present study revealed that various non-dietary items like pan masala, chewing tobacco, betel nuts, and toothpaste may contribute to the fluoride burden of the human body. In this line, an attempt was made to analyze the fluoride content of non-dietary items collected from Panipat City of Haryana. The study depicts that intake of pan masala, chewing tobacco, betel nuts, and toothpaste expose the consumers to 21.

Use of strain imaging to detect subtle myocardial involvement in post COVID-19 patients: An Indian perspective.

Background: The study assessed Global longitudinal strain imaging (GLS) to detect subtle myocardial dysfunction among patients clinically recovered from COVID-19.

Methods: All patients (n = 101 76 % males, mean age 55.45 ± 11.

Role of tungsten disulfide quantum dots in specific protein-protein interactions at air-water interface.

The intriguing network of antibody-antigen (Ab-Ag) interactions is highly governed by environmental perturbations and the nature of biomolecular interaction. Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) have potential applications in developing protein-adsorption-based sensors and nano-scale materials. Therefore, characterizing PPIs in the presence of a nanomaterial at the molecular level becomes imperative.

Interfacial molecular structure of phosphazene-based polymer electrolyte at the air-aqueous interface using sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy.

The change induced in the physicochemical properties of polymer while hosting ions provides a platform for studying its potential applications in electrochemical devices, water treatment plants, and materials engineering science. The ability to host ions is limited in very few polymers, which lack a detailed molecular-level understanding for showcasing the polymer-ion linkage behavior at the interfacial region. In the present manuscript, we have employed sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy to investigate the interfacial structure of a new class phosphazene-based methoxyethoxyethoxyphosphazene (MEEP) polymer in the presence of lithium chloride salt at the air-aqueous interface.

Thiadiazole Functionalized Salicylaldehyde-Schiff Base as a pH-responsive and chemo-reversible "Turn-Off" fluorescent probe for selective cu (II) detection: Logic Gate Behaviour and Molecular Docking Studies.

A novel thiadiazole functionalized schiff base chemoreceptor (E)-2,4-dichloro-6-(((5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)imino)methyl)phenol (SB-1) has been synthesized and characterized spectroscopically by using various techniques. Its photophysical behaviour was scanned towards a variety of metal ions in mixed aqueous media. The chemosensor (SB-1) displayed excellent selectivity towards Cu ion through fluorescent diminishment (turn-off phenomenon).

Exploring the Diversity of the B-Cell Receptor Repertoire Through High-Throughput Sequencing.

Repertoire sequencing of B cells is the high-throughput profiling of B cell receptors (BCR) expressed on the surface of B cells and of immunoglobulins (Ig) expressed by antibody secreting cells. Each BCR/Ig transcript has a unique complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) sequence that can be used to identify and track individual B cell lymphocytes over time and throughout different compartments of the human body. B cell differentiation can be further tracked by assessing the point mutations acquired during affinity maturation via somatic hypermutation (SHM).

Purification of native histidine-rich protein 2 (nHRP2) from Plasmodium falciparum culture supernatant, infected RBCs, and parasite lysate.

Background: Despite the widespread use of histidine-rich protein 2 (HRP2)-based rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), purified native HRP2 antigen is not standardly used in research applications or assessment of RDTs used in the field.

Methods: This report describes the purification of native HRP2 (nHRP2) from the HB3 Plasmodium falciparum culture strain. As this culture strain lacks pfhrp3 from its genome, it is an excellent source of HRP2 protein only and does not produce the closely-related HRP3.

Probing the Bovine Hemoglobin Adsorption Process and its Influence on Interfacial Water Structure at the Air-Water Interface.

*These authors contributed equally to this work.The molecular-level insight of protein adsorption and its kinetics at interfaces is crucial because of its multifold role in diverse fundamental biological processes and applications. In the present study, the sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy has been employed to demonstrate the adsorption process of bovine hemoglobin (BHb) protein molecules at the air-water interface at interfacial isoelectric point of the protein.

Extrafollicular IgD+ B cells generate IgE antibody secreting cells in the nasal mucosa.

Increased IgE is a typical feature of allergic rhinitis. Local class-switch recombination has been intimated but B cell precursors and mechanisms remain elusive. Here we describe the dynamics underlying the generation of IgE-antibody secreting cells (ASC) in human nasal polyps (NP), mucosal tissues rich in ASC without germinal centers (GC).

The structure of water-DMF binary mixtures probed by linear and nonlinear vibrational spectroscopy.

Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy have been employed to probe the molecular structure of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and water mixture by varying the concentration of DMF. From the bulk studies, we observed a gradual decrease in the intensity with a continuous blue shift in the OH-stretch region with the increase in the DMF concentration. In contrast, no significant blue shift in the OH-stretch region is noticed from the SFG spectra collected from the air-aqueous binary mixture interface as a function of DMF concentration.

Understanding and measuring human B-cell tolerance and its breakdown in autoimmune disease.

The maintenance of immunological tolerance of B lymphocytes is a complex and critical process that must be implemented as to avoid the detrimental development of autoreactivity and possible autoimmunity. Murine models have been invaluable to elucidate many of the key components in B-cell tolerance; however, translation to human homeostatic and pathogenic immune states can be difficult to assess. Functional autoreactive, flow cytometric, and single-cell cloning assays have proven to be critical in deciphering breaks in B-cell tolerance within autoimmunity; however, newer approaches to assess human B-cell tolerance may prove to be vital in the further exploration of underlying tolerance defects.

An Evaluation of Antimicrobial Effects of Three Different Root Canal Irrigating Solutions against and .

Aim: The present study was conducted to evaluate and compare antimicrobial effect of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 2% (CHX) and (NAC) irrigating solutions against () and ().

Materials And Methods: The present study was conducted on 40 freshly extracted noncarious permanent mandibular incisors teeth of both genders (males-12, females-14).

Self-assembly of l-phenylalanine amino acid: electrostatic induced hindrance of fibril formation.

Nanostructure morphology originating from the self-assembly of molecules has attracted substantial attention due to its role in toxic amyloid fibril formation and immense potential in the design and fabrication of novel biomaterials. This study presents the role of intermolecular electrostatic interaction on the self-assembly process of l-phenylalanine (L-Phe) amino acid. We have employed attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to probe the existence of different ionization states of the amino acid in various pH aqueous solutions.

Distinct Effector B Cells Induced by Unregulated Toll-like Receptor 7 Contribute to Pathogenic Responses in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by B cells lacking IgD and CD27 (double negative; DN). We show that DN cell expansions reflected a subset of CXCR5 CD11c cells (DN2) representing pre-plasma cells (PC). DN2 cells predominated in African-American patients with active disease and nephritis, anti-Smith and anti-RNA autoantibodies.

Prevalence of Osteosclerosis Among Patients Visiting Dental Institute in Rural Area of Western India.

Background: Idiopathic osteosclerosis (IO) is a benign lesion of unknown aetiology and is not attributed to any dysplastic, inflammatory, neoplasia, or systemic disorder.

Aims And Objectives: To assess the prevalence and distribution of IO according to its location and to patients' age and gender, among rural population of western India.

Materials And Methods: Seven hundred and fifty patients were examined for the presence of IO in the jaw bone.

Oral rehabilitation and management of mentally retarded.

High level of periodontal problems of dental caries are frequently observed in mentally handicapped children. This group of patients presents various problems when they face dental treatments. Identification of such population and providing them affordable oral health care is the new concept.

Endodontic management of mandibular third molar with three mesial roots using spiral computed tomography scan as a diagnostic aid: a case report.

Aberrant root canal anatomy is diagnostically and clinically challenging for clinicians. The most common root canal configuration of human molars is 2 roots and 3 canals, but various combinations may still exist. Third molars are known to have the most unusual anatomy among human teeth.

Regulation of T cell receptor signaling by activation-induced zinc influx.

Zinc is a trace element that is essential for innate and adaptive immune responses. In addition to being a structural element of many proteins, zinc also functions as a neurotransmitter and an intracellular messenger. Temporal or spatial changes in bioavailable zinc may influence the activity of several enzymes, including kinases and phosphatases.

Prime time use of tissue Doppler echocardiography: what have we gained?

In daily practice, Tissue Doppler Echocardiography (TDI) is used to estimate left ventricular filling pressures, categorize diastolic dysfunction, identify patients with heart failure (HF) with normal ejection fraction, differentiate constrictive pericarditis from restrictive cardiomyopathy, to prognosticate acute coronary syndrome, valvular heart disease syndrome of HF etc, correlate exercise capacity and symptoms, differentiate physiological versus pathological hypertrophy, assessment of intraventricular dyssynchrony, regional and global systolic and diastolic properties, detection of right ventricular function and possible carriers of genetic cardiomyopathies like Fabry's disease and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, etc. Its role in adding incremental value to stress echocardiography, subclinical dysfunction evaluation, cardiac transplant rejection, cardiotoxicity of anti-cancer drugs, predicting occurrence and reversion of atrial fibrillation, predicting aortic catastrophies etc, although very encouraging has not found many users. It was intuitively considered invaluable in detecting subclinical myocarditis, acute rheumatic fever, Chaga's disease and localization of atrioventricular accessory pathways with manifest conduction, but could not find prime time readiness.

Congenitally unguarded tricuspid valve orifice with multiple other defects in a child with refractory heart failure.

Congenitally unguarded tricuspid valve orifice, a variant of tricuspid valve dysplasia, is a rare malformation with protean manifestations. This report describes a 5-year old child with refractory heart failure who, on echocardiography, was found to have unguarded tricuspid valve orifice with severe tricuspid regurgitation, pulmonary valve dysplasia with severe pulmonary regurgitation , cor triatriatum dexter , myxomatous mitral valve , perimembranous ventricular septal defect and a diverticulum of the right ventricular outflow tract. The management options for this child are discussed.