Revisiting the indirect signs of a temporal bone fracture: air, air, everywhere.

Background And Purpose: The standard head CT protocol makes detection of a temporal bone fracture difficult. The purposes of our study are to revisit the finding of air in various locations around the temporal bone as an indirect sign of fracture and determine if findings could predict fracture pattern.

Materials And Methods: We searched the radiology reports for the keyword "temporal bone fracture.

MRI Findings of Injury to the Longus Colli Muscle in Patients With Neck Trauma.

Objective: The longus colli muscle (LCM) forms the bulk of the deep flexor muscles of the neck. To our knowledge, very little information on the effects of trauma on this muscle group has been published. We describe MRI findings related to injury of the LCM in patients with a history of neck trauma.

Skull fractures in pediatric patients on computerized tomogram: comparison between routing bone window images and 3D volume-rendered images.

Skull fracture is a common finding following head trauma. It has a prognostic significance and its presence points to severe trauma. Additionally, there is a greater possibility of detecting associated small underlying extra-axial hematomas and subtle injuries to the brain parenchyma.

Leucine-rich glioma-inactivated protein 1 antibody encephalitis: A case report.

Objective: To describe a case of leucine-rich glioma-inactivated protein 1 (LGI1) antibody-associated encephalitis.

Methods: The clinical and ancillary data and brain MRIs were gathered retrospectively by chart review. Relevant literature on similar cases was also reviewed.

Correlation of apparent diffusion coefficient with Ki-67 proliferation index in grading meningioma.

Objective: A noninvasive method to predict aggressiveness of high-grade meningiomas would be desirable because it would help anticipate tumor recurrence and improve tumor management and the treatment outcomes. The Ki-67 protein is a marker of tumor proliferation, and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) is related to tumor cellularity. Therefore, we sought to determine whether there is a statistically significant correlation between ADC and Ki-67 values in meningiomas and whether ADC values can differentiate various meningioma subtypes.

Flow artifact in the anterior communicating artery resembling aneurysm on the time of flight MR angiogram.

Background: Magnetic resonance angiogram (MRA) of the brain is a widely employed non-invasive test to diagnose aneurysms. However, its overall accuracy is less than digital subtraction angiography and is prone to give false-positive or false-negative results. False-negative results can be seen with hemorrhage, lipoma, dermoid, posterior lobe of the pituitary gland, and the flow artifacts.

Role of noncontrast head CT in the assessment of vascular abnormalities in the emergency room.

Noncontrast CT of the head is a widely used noninvasive investigation for a variety of acute and chronic neurological conditions. Since CT head without contrast is usually the first and often the only investigation in the emergency room for many neurological symptoms, it is imperative to detect subtle vascular changes, which in many patients can be life-saving. The vascular abnormalities may present with increased density and/or size of the vessels, filling defects, and be associated with parenchymal and bony changes.

Leukoaraiosis and sex predict the hyperacute ischemic core volume.

Background And Purpose: Leukoaraiosis (LA) and male sex have been associated with decreased cerebrovascular reactivity, which potentially adversely affects tissue viability in acute stroke. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the contribution of LA-severity and sex to the extent of the hyperacute ischemic core volume after intracranial large artery occlusion.

Methods: We analyzed data from 87 patients with acute intracranial large artery occlusion who had acute multimodal computed tomography-imaging.

Leukoaraiosis predicts poor 90-day outcome after acute large cerebral artery occlusion.

Background: To date limited information regarding outcome-modifying factors in patients with acute intracranial large artery occlusion (ILAO) in the anterior circulation is available. Leukoaraiosis (LA) is a common finding among patients with ischemic stroke and has been associated with poor post-stroke outcomes but its association with ILAO remains poorly characterized. This study sought to clarify the contribution of baseline LA and other common risk factors to 90-day outcome (modified Rankin Scale, mRS) after stroke due to acute anterior circulation ILAO.

Congenital torticollis caused by unilateral absence of the sternocleidomastoid muscle.

Congenital torticollis is most commonly caused by benign fibrosis of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. Absence of the sternocleidomastoid muscle is a rare cause of congenital torticollis. There have been fewer than a dozen reported cases of agenesis of the sternocleidomastoid muscle.

CT neuroangiography: a glance at the common pitfalls and their prevention.

Objective: The author's objective was to address several pitfalls and missteps of CT angiography (CTA) with pictorial examples and ways to overcome potential misinterpretations. CTA is increasingly used for the noninvasive evaluation of the carotid and intracranial vessels. Ease of data acquisition may belie the complexity of interpreting each individual vessel and understanding myriad postprocessing techniques, each with its strengths and weaknesses.

MR imaging in cervical spine trauma.

Continual improvements in MR imaging, technology and MR imaging-compatible monitoring and fixation devices have allowed the incorporation of this relatively new imaging modality into standard algorithms for cervical spine trauma assessment. The ability of MR imaging to define the type of spinal cord injury, the cause and severity of spinal cord compression, and the stability of the spinal column is unmatched. The heavy reliance of the spinal surgeon on MR imaging for decisions regarding the type of therapy, the timing, the approach of surgical intervention, and for predicting patient outcome attests to the usefulness of this modality.