Plant assisted synthesis of silver nanoparticles using for antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer properties.

(L.) is an herbaceous medicinal plant belonging to the Polygonaceae family. The plant is distributed in Nepal, India, Japan, China, Russia, and Korea.

Synthesis of silver nanoparticles assisted by aqueous root and leaf extracts of Mill and its antibacterial activity.

In the present study, silver nanoparticles were synthesized using aqueous root and leaf extracts of Mill. This study aimed to undertake the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles utilizing plant extracts in an eco-friendly, cost-effective, and more efficient manner with its antibacterial application. The prepared silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were characterized by using different techniques.

Online palliative care education and mentorship in Nepal: Project ECHO - a novel approach to improving knowledge and self-efficacy among interprofessional health-care providers.

Background: Palliative care access in Nepal is severely limited, with few health-care providers having training and skills to pain management and other key aspects of palliative care. Online education suggests an innovation to increase access to training and mentoring, which addresses common learning barriers in low- and middle-income countries. Project ECHO (Extensions for Community Health Care Outcomes) is a model of online education which supports communities of practices (COPs) and mentoring through online teaching and case discussions.

Symptoms 6 months following SARS-CoV-2 infection in Nepali women.

In Nepal, over 1 million individuals have tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. We sought to describe the frequency of nonrecovery from this infection at 6 months and associated symptoms. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 6142 women who had positive and negative PCR tests for this infection 6 months previously at 3 institutions in Kathmandu.

Striving toward safe abortion services in Nepal: A review of barriers and facilitators.

Background And Aims: Despite the decriminalization of abortion in Nepal in 2002, unsafe abortion is still a significant contributor to maternal morbidity and mortality. Nepal has witnessed a significant drop in abortion-related severe complications and maternal deaths owing to the legalization of abortion laws, lowered financial costs, and wider accessibility of safe abortion services (SAS). However, various factors such as sociocultural beliefs, financial constraints, geographical difficulties, and stigma act as barriers to the liberal accessibility of SAS.

A Consecutive Series Study of the Frequencies, Intensities, and Natural History of Symptoms Following COVID-19 Infection in Nepali Men.

Background: In Nepal, approximately one million individuals, two-thirds men, have tested positive for COVID-19. The recovery picture from this infection is undescribed.

Methods: At one major testing institution in Kathmandu, we attempted to contact men three-four months following documentation of a positive PCR Covid test.

Technical note: Progressive deep learning: An accelerated training strategy for medical image segmentation.

Background: Recent advancements in Deep Learning (DL) methodologies have led to state-of-the-art performance in a wide range of applications especially in object recognition, classification, and segmentation of medical images. However, training modern DL models requires a large amount of computation and long training times due to the complex nature of network structures and the large number of training datasets involved. Moreover, it is an intensive, repetitive manual process to select the optimized configuration of hyperparameters for a given DL network.

Building a 'Virtual Library': continuing a global collaboration to strengthen research capacity within Nepal and other low- and middle-income countries.

To fill the gap in health research capacity-building efforts, we created the 'Virtual Library' (VL) - a web-based repository of context-relevant resources for health researchers in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This paper describes the participatory process used to systematically develop the VL, and describes how our interprofessional team - representing both an LMIC (Nepal) and a high-income country (HIC) (USA, US) - engaged in shared meaning-making. A team of researchers and clinicians representing a range of subdisciplines from Nepal and the US created a replicable search strategy and standardized Resource Screening Guide (RSG) to systematically assess resources to be included within the VL.

Investigation of beam delivery time for synchrotron-based proton pencil beam scanning system with novel scanning mode.

To investigate synchrotron-based proton pencil beam scanning (PBS) beam delivery time (BDT) using novel continuous scanning mode.A BDT calculation model was developed for the Hitachi particle therapy system. The model was validated against the measured BDT of 36 representative clinical proton PBS plans with discrete spot scanning (DSS) in the current Hitachi proton therapy system.

Abnormal Uterine Bleeding among Women Visiting Gynecology Out- patient Department of a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross- sectional Study.

Introduction: Abnormal uterine bleeding accounts for more than 70% of complaints in peri- and post-menopausal women. The main purpose of investigating them is to rule out premalignant and malignant endometrial lesions. This study aimed to find out the prevalence of abnormal uterine bleeding among out-patients visiting the gynecology department of a tertiary care hospital.

Futile Sexual Homicide in Nepal: A Case Report.

Although cases of sexual offenses are not uncommon in children, they present to the Emergency Department seeking treatment for a medical cause. Sometimes the history of abuse is missed by the treating clinicians who are only focused upon the presenting complaint and not upon the underlying cause. Furthermore, the lack of reporting of sexual abuse in medical literatures makes them a rarity in the Nepalese scenario.

Cancer Prevention Strategies for Nepal.

In Nepal, the commonest major malignancies and causes of cancer death are lung, cervix, stomach, breast, head and neck (lip, mouth, pharynx, larynx), gallbladder, ovary and liver. There are seven cancer-causative exposures which should be the focus of attention such as; tobacco smoking in 29% of men, and 6% of women, solid fuel burning in 69% of homes (multiple cancers), betel-nut chewing in 40 % of men and 3% of women (head and neck cancers), alcohol abuse (liver and other cancers), Human Papilloma Virus (cervical cancer), Helicobacter pylori (stomach cancer) and Hepatitis B virus (liver cancer). To better address these reducible exposures, we suggest greater targeted strategies in three areas: Public health messaging for tobacco, solid-fuel burning, betel-nut, and alcohol; national policies for Hepatitis B virus vaccination; and analytic epidemiological and interventional research for Human Papilloma Virus and helicobacter.

Assessment of Client Satisfaction in Labour and Delivery Services in a Tertiary Hospital in Western Nepal.

Background: Patient satisfaction is an individual's positive evaluation of a distinct dimension of health care. This study aimed to assess client satisfaction with maternity care in a tertiary hospital in the western region of Nepal.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 405 delivered women.

Reorganizing Hospital Cancer Care In Nepal.

While mortality rates for major common cancers- of the lung, breast, stomach, ovary, and lymphomas-- have declined significantly in high-income countries over the last decade, comparable rates for these malignancies have not fallen in Nepal. The explanations for the high-income country mortality trends are multiple and certainly include incidence reductions, but better treatments are also contributory. How to bring to Nepal the global lessons in achieving better cancer care is uncertain.

Tied with Hair Strands- A Case of Hair Tourniquet Syndrome involving Labia Minora in an Adult Woman from Nepal.

Hair tourniquet syndrome is the strangulation of body appendages by a thread of hair. If neglected, it results in lymphatic obliteration, venous congestion, and arterial obstruction. A 25 years lady with a history of insect bite presented with intense itching and painful swelling in the left labia minora for three days.

Illness Representations of Hypertension among Nepali Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital Clinic: An exploratory survey.

Background: The prevalence of stage 2 hypertension approaches one-third in adult Nepalis and despite inexpensive effective treatment, long-term compliance is poor. World-wide, a major impediment is the incongruity between hypertension and patients' symptom-based illness representations. The Common-Sense Model of Self-regulation was used to investigate Nepali illness representations through open-ended interviews of patients with hypertension.

The Tragic Plight of Frontline COVID-19 Warriors in Nepal.

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Effect of Titanium Miniplate Fixation on Hinge Fracture and Hinge Fracture Displacement Following Cervical Open-Door Laminoplasty.

Background: Cervical spondylotic myelopathy is a neuromotor disorder responsible for functional limitations and decreased daily activities. Expansive open-door laminoplasty is the widely accepted procedure for the treatment of multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy. Among the various fixation procedures to secure the open lamina, miniplate fixation provides better clinical and radiological outcomes.

When sexual offence is an unexpected diagnosis - exploration of medical, legal and social aspects in Nepalese scenario.

In Nepal, following allegations of sexual assault, the survivor is taken by the police to a Government Hospital for medical examination and sample collection. To provide an integrated service to survivors of gender-based violence, a One-Stop Crisis Management Centre (OCMC) is established in many Government Hospitals. However, paediatric survivors of sexual abuse frequently seek initial care at the emergency department, as most present with a medical complaint rather than for sexual abuse.

Reproductive Health Issues and Depression in Wives of Labor Migrant Workers.

Background: Young Nepalese men have been forced to migrate to other countries in search of better opportunities. Wives of these migrant workers are in a vulnerable state and face various problems. The aim of this study wasto assess the prevalence of reproductive health problems and depression in this sub-population and to compare it with women living together with their husbands.

Dosimetric evaluation of 4D-CBCT reconstructed by Simultaneous Motion Estimation and Image Reconstruction (SMEIR) for carbon ion therapy of lung cancer.

Purpose: Motion management is critical for the efficacy of carbon ion therapy for moving targets such as lung tumors. We evaluated the feasibility of using four-dimensional cone beam computed tomography (4D-CBCT) reconstructed by Simultaneous Motion Estimation and Image Reconstruction (SMEIR) for dose calculation and accumulation in carbon ion treatment of lung cancer.

Methods: Motion-compensated 4D-CBCT images were reconstructed with the SMEIR algorithm to capture the most updated anatomy and motion with an updated interphase motion model on the treatment day.

Assessing the Temporal Effects of Squash vein yellowing virus Infection on Settling and Feeding Behavior of Bemisia tabaci (MEAM1) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae).

Insect vector behavior and biology can be affected by pathogen-induced changes in the physiology and morphology of the host plant. Herein, we examined the temporal effects of Squash vein yellowing virus (family Potyviridae, genus Ipomovirus) infection on the settling, oviposition preference, and feeding behavior of its whitefly vector, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) Middle East-Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1), formerly known as B. tabaci biotype B.

Safety, Efficacy and Acceptability of Early First Trimester Abortion using Oral Mifepristone and Sublingual Misoprostol.

Background: With the legalization of medical abortion in Nepal, mifepristone-misoprostol combination via different routes has been widely used for early abortion. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and acceptability of 200 milligrams mifepristone orally followed by 800 micrograms sublingual misoprostol in outpatient setting.

Methods: It was an open-label prospective study conducted in outpatient department of a tertiary hospital over a period of 13 months.