Unveiling the utility of artificial intelligence for prediction, diagnosis, and progression of diabetic kidney disease: an evidence-based systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic investigation of the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) models in the prediction, detection of diagnostic biomarkers, and progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). In addition, we compared the performance of non-logistic regression (LR) machine learning (ML) models to conventional LR prediction models.

Methods: Until January 30, 2024, a comprehensive literature review was conducted by investigating databases such as Medline ( PubMed) and Cochrane.

Detection of HbD Punjab Trait in Saurashtra Region of Gujarat by HPLC Method.

The HbD Punjab trait is a less common hemoglobin variant in the Saurashtra region of Gujarat. This patient presented to the General Medicine and Biochemistry Department at All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rajkot, Hospital, for the HbA1 analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The patient was 52 years old, a known case of type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension, and presented with complaints of generalized malaise and fatigability for the previous ten to twelve months.

Effects of Wearing Personal Protective Equipment on Serum Cortisol Levels and Physiological Variables in Healthcare Workers: A Randomised Controlled Trial in a Simulated Pandemic Environment.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated the widespread use of personal protective equipment (PPE), particularly in high-risk environments. Full-body PPE is favoured for its comprehensive protection against the virus but poses challenges to the body's thermoregulatory system as it inhibits air exchange. This randomised trial was undertaken to investigate the effects of wearing a commonly used gown-type full-body PPE kit in a simulated environment.

Evaluation of Laboratory Performance in Consideration with Pre analytical and Post analytical Quality Indicators.

Implementation of Quality indicators (QIs) plays an imperative role in improving the total testing process, as it provides a quantitative basis for evaluating the laboratory performance. Besides monitoring of analytical quality specifications, several lines of experimental and clinical evidence have alluded a pivotal role of extra-analytical phases in improving the quality of laboratory services and therefore a relevance of pre- and post-analytical steps have been speculated on the overall quality in the total testing process and consequently on clinical decision-making. This was a retrospective study designed to evaluate and review different extra-analytical quality indicators in NABL accredited clinical biochemistry laboratory at BJ Medical College and Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat in an endeavour to ameliorate the performance of the laboratory.

Maternal Obesity and Neonatal Metabolic Health: Insights Into Insulin Resistance.

Background Maternal obesity is a global health concern that leads to metabolic alterations in the offspring, making them vulnerable to metabolic disorders in adulthood. Early identification of such neonates would provide opportunities to positively alter modifiable risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) to prevent their occurrence later in life. Objectives This study aimed to assess and contrast insulin resistance (IR) levels in neonates born to mothers with obesity and those born to healthy, non-obese mothers.

Heart Rate Variability in Patients of Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) have a significantly higher risk of cardiovascular morbidities. The participation of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in AS is still unknown and inconclusive. Heart rate variability (HRV) is defined as the variability of the time interval between two consecutive heartbeats.

Integrating Cutting-Edge Methods to Oral Cancer Screening, Analysis, and Prognosis.

Oral cancer (OC) has become a significant barrier to health worldwide due to its high morbidity and mortality rates. OC is among the most prevalent types of cancer that affect the head and neck region, and the overall survival rate at 5 years is still around 50%. Moreover, it is a multifactorial malignancy instigated by genetic and epigenetic variabilities, and molecular heterogeneity makes it a complex malignancy.

Association of the Human Leptin Receptor Gene (rs1137101; Gln223Arg) Polymorphism and Circulating Leptin in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome in the Indian Population.

Phenotypic expression of metabolic syndrome is precipitated by environmental variables along with the individual genetic susceptibility to the obesogenic environment and growing body of evidence suggest a paramount role of adipocytokines. Therefore, identifying the genetic influence on circulation leptin levels and clarifying genotype-phenotype correlation of rs1137101 {Leptin receptor gene (LEPR) Gln223Arg (Q223R; A668G)} in metabolic syndrome were the primary objective of this study. A total of 447 adult participants, including 214 metabolic syndrome patients and 233 healthy controls, were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method to unravel the effects of genetic risk loci {Leptin receptor gene; Gln223Arg (Q223R; A668G); rs1137101} on the occurrence of metabolic syndrome in consort with circulation leptin levels.

Verification of Reference Interval of Thyroid Hormones With Manual and Automated Indirect Approaches: Comparison of Hoffman, KOSMIC and refineR Methods.

Introduction: The interpretation of quantitative test results requires the availability of appropriate reference intervals (RIs). Every laboratory has been advised by scientific literature and reagent manufacturers to establish RIs for all analytes. Measuring RIs using direct methods is very costly, and it poses ethical and practical challenges.

COVID-19-related liver injury: Focus on genetic and drug-induced perspectives.

Background: Empirical use of potentially hepatotoxic drugs in the management of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is considered as one of the major etiopathogenetic factors for liver injury. Recent evidence has shown that an underlying genetic factor may also occur. Hence, it is important to understand the host genetics and iatrogenic-based mechanisms for liver dysfunction to make timely remedial measures.

Clinical efficacy and safety of dasiglucagon in severe hypoglycemia associated with patients of type 1 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background And Aims: This study was carried out to analyze the clinical safety and efficacy of dasiglucagon for the treatment of severe hypoglycemia in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).

Methods: We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and ClinicalTrials.gov for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the safety and efficacy of dasiglucagon in the treatment of hypoglycemia in patients with T1DM.

Growth differentiation factor 15 as an emerging novel biomarker in SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Background: Growth differentiation factor (GDF)-15 is a member of a transforming growth factor-β cytokine superfamily that regulates metabolism and is released in response to inflammation, hypoxia and tissue injury. It has evolved as one of the most potent cytokines for predicting the severity of infections and inflammatory conditions, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection.

Aim: To investigate the utility of GDF-15 in predicting the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Analysis of Prediagnostic Circulating Levels of Gonadotropins and Androgens with Risk of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer.

 Prevailing experimental and epidemiological evidence supports the role of circulating endogenous sex steroid hormones in the pathogenesis of ovarian carcinogenesis by dysregulation of cell differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis but is scarce and inconclusive.  This article evaluates the role of circulating levels of gonadotropins (follicle-stimulating hormone [FSH], luteinizing hormone [LH]) and androgens (testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate [DHEA-S]) for the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer in a case-control approach using samples collected in advance of clinical diagnosis.  A total of 100 epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients and 100 healthy female controls were consequently enrolled in this hospital-based case-control study.

Analysis of the Prevalence and Severity of Dysregulated Bone Mineral Homeostasis in Nondialyzed Chronic Kidney Disease Patients.

 Progressive loss of kidney function in chronic kidney disease (CKD) leads to altered mineral homeostasis, reflected by the imbalance in calcium and phosphorus, and has been associated with progression of renal failure.  The aim of this study was to investigate CKD-mineral bone disorder (CKD-MBD)-associated candidate variables and its relationship with parathyroid hormone (PTH), as well as to quantify the prevalence of CKD-associated mineral disturbances in nondialyzed CKD patients.  This cross-sectional analytical study included 124 CKD patients and 157 control participants.

A Molecular Insight of the Role of PIN-1 Promoter Polymorphism (- 667C > T; rs2233679) in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients with Secondary Hyperparathyroidism.

Murine studies stipulate Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1 (PIN-1) as a key mediator of PTH mRNA stability and is acknowledged by genome-wide-association-studies as secondary hyperparathyroidism defining trait in chronic kidney disease. Therefore, we hypothesize that molecular variants of the PIN-1 gene might affect the incidence and predisposition to secondary hyperparathyroidism in chronic renal insufficiency. A total of 281 adult participants, including 124 chronic kidney disease patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism and 157 healthy controls, were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method to unravel the effects of genetic risk loci (PIN-1 gene; - 667C > T; rs2233679) on the susceptibility to secondary hyperparathyroidism in chronic kidney disease.

Analysis of the Pattern, Alliance and Risk of rs1799752 (ACE I/D Polymorphism) with Essential Hypertension.

Studies in spontaneously hypertensive rat had revealed an elevated level of ACE gene expression in the tissues and is substantiated by experimental clinical studies for a positive correlation between ACE I/D polymorphism and hypertension. Aim: To determine whether the polymorphic variant of ACE gene in intron 16 confers susceptibility to essential hypertension. I/D polymorphism at the locus intron 16 of the ACE gene were amplified from the genomic DNA of the total 571 (hypertensive patients, n: 279; controls, n: 292) participants using polymerase chain reaction and gel electrophoresis methods and were examined in a case-control approach.

Role of the Tumor Microenvironment and the Influence of Epigenetics on the Tumor Microenvironment in Oral Carcinogenesis: Potential Implications.

Oral cancer has become a significant problem throughout the world, particularly in countries that are still developing. Recent literature supports the contribution of components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and the effect of epigenetic changes happening in the cells of the TME on oral cancer development and progression. In this review, we comprehensively examine the significance of TME in the development of OC along with the current understanding of the epigenetic modifications that regulate the TME and their cohesive impact on tumor traits and their potential as therapeutic targets.

CRISPR/Cas9: A Molecular Tool for Ovarian Cancer Management beyond Gene Editing.

Ovarian cancer manifests with early metastases and has an adverse outcome, impacting the health of women globally. Currently, this malignancy is often treated with cytoreductive surgery and platinum-based chemotherapy. This treatment option has a limited success rate due to tumor recurrence and chemoresistance.

Utility of P-SEP, sTREM-1 and suPAR as Novel Sepsis Biomarkers in SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

The coronavirus disease 2019 is a highly contagious viral infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus, member of coronaviridae family. It causes life threatening complications due to complexity and rapid onset course of the disease. Early identification of high-risk patients who require close monitoring and aggressive treatment remains challengeable till date.

Notable and Emerging Variants of SARS-CoV-2 Virus: A Quick Glance.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiological agent of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), is a highly contagious pathogenic coronavirus to emerge and spread in human populations. Although substantial exertions have been laid to avert spread of COVID-19 by therapeutic and preventive countermeasures, but emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants as a result of mutations make the infection more ominous. New viral confers a higher nasopharyngeal viral load, increased viral transmissibility, higher infectiousness, immune escape, increased resistance to monoclonal/polyclonal antibodies from convalescence sera/vaccine, and an enhanced virulence.

Analysis of Association of Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Gene A1166C Gene Polymorphism with Essential Hypertension.

The A/C transversion at 1166 of the angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor AT1R) gene per se does not characterize any functional diversity but has been associated with expression of the AT1R, consequently molecular variants of the gene may modulate the possible risk of essential hypertension. The present study was performed to determine the genotypic frequency of the A1166C polymorphism of the AT1R gene in essential hypertensive patients with the aim to assess the effect of variants of this polymorphism in hypertension. AT1R gene amplification was performed by PCR and A1166C polymorphism was determined by enzyme digestion methodologies in 224 consecutively enrolled essential hypertensive patients and 257 controls.

Association of Mbo I-RFLP at the Renin Locus (rs2368564) with Essential Hypertension.

Several lines of experimental and clinical evidence have alluded a pivotal role of renin in blood pressure homeostasis and therefore a relevance of molecular variants of the renin gene and essential hypertension have been speculated. This study was designed to evaluate the pattern, alliance and risk of renin Mbo I (10631A>G; rs2368564) polymorphism at the locus intron 9 for a possible role in modulating essential hypertension in adult population from Gujarat (India). A total of 257 consecutively enrolled essential hypertensive patients and 270 controls were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method for the selected marker.

Leptin, Adiponectin and its Molar Ratio as a Biomarker in the Diagnosis of Metabolic Syndrome.

Background: In order to prevent the downstream effects of metabolic syndrome, it is essential to identify the disease in its early stage and to initiate early treatment.

Objective: To analyze the relationship of the adipocyte-derived hormones (adiponectin and leptin) with indices of metabolic syndrome diagnosis in Gujarati adult population.

Design And Setting: In this cross-sectional study, total 87 consecutive patients (44 metabolic syndrome positive and 43 metabolic syndrome negative) were recruited.

Influence of genetic variability at the ACE locus in intron 16 on Diabetic Nephropathy in T1DM patients.

Background: Diallelic [insertion/deletion (L/D)] polymorphism in the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene has been reported inconsistently as being associated with risk of diabetic nephropathy (DN).

Objective: To examine the three ACE poly-morphic variants in intron 16 for a possible role in modulating DN in T1DM patients from Kutch region, Gujarat.

Design And Setting: I/D polymorphism in intron 16 of the ACE gene was examined in a case-control group (280 participants with T1DM, case participants n = 138; control participants n = 142) for association with nephropathy.