Association of water, sanitation, hygiene and food practices with enteric fever in a paediatric cohort in North India.

Background: Our aim was to assess the association of water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) and food practices with culture-confirmed enteric fever in children <15 years of age.

Methods: We followed a cohort of 6000 children from an urban low socioeconomic neighbourhood in South Delhi for 2 years to estimate burden of culture-confirmed enteric fever. Risk ratios (RRs) were estimated to study the association between WASH practices and enteric fever.

Incidence of lab-confirmed dengue fever in a pediatric cohort in Delhi, India.

Background: Our aim was to estimate the overall and age-specific incidence of lab-confirmed dengue fever using ELISA based assays among children 6 months to 15 years in Delhi.

Methods: We enrolled a cohort of 984 children aged 6 months to <14 years in South Delhi and followed-up weekly for fever for 24 months or till 15 completed years of child-age. Households of the enrolled children were geo-tagged.

Evaluation of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile in Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A: Presenting the Current Scenario in India and Strategy for Future Management.

Background: Systematic studies to estimate the disease burden of typhoid and paratyphoid in India are limited. Therefore, a multicenter study on the Surveillance of Enteric Fever in India was carried out to estimate the incidence, clinical presentation, and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) trend. The data presented here represent the national burden of AMR in Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A.

Incidence of Enteric Fever in a Pediatric Cohort in North India: Comparison with Estimates from 20 Years Earlier.

Background: An earlier cohort in 1995-1996 showed a very high burden of typhoid in Delhi. Our aim was to estimate the current overall and age-specific incidence of culture-confirmed enteric fever among children aged 6 months to 15 years in Delhi.

Methods: We enrolled a cohort of 6000 children aged 6 months to <14 years in South Delhi and followed them up weekly for 24 months or until 15 completed years of child age, whichever was earlier.

Effect of Community-Initiated Kangaroo Mother Care on Fecal Biomarkers of Gut Function in Low Birth Weight Infants in North India: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

This individually randomized trial was conducted to estimate the effect of promoting community-initiated Kangaroo Mother Care (ciKMC) in low birth weight (LBW) infants on gut inflammation and permeability. Participants included 200 stable LBW infants (weighing 1,500-2,250 g) in North India enrolled between May and October 2017. The ciKMC intervention included promotion and support of continuous skin-to-skin contact and exclusive breastfeeding through home visits.

Effect of Community-Initiated Kangaroo Mother Care on Postpartum Depressive Symptoms and Stress Among Mothers of Low-Birth-Weight Infants: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Approximately 1 in 5 women in low- and middle-income countries experience postpartum depression, and the risk is higher among mothers of low-birth-weight (LBW) infants. Kangaroo mother care (KMC) is effective in improving survival among LBW infants, but the benefits of KMC for mothers are not well described.

Objective: To estimate the effects of community-initiated KMC (ciKMC) on maternal risk of moderate-to-severe postpartum depressive symptoms and on salivary cortisol concentration, a biomarker of stress.

Typhoid and paratyphoid fever co-infection in children from an urban slum of Delhi.

We report two cases of co-infection with Typhi and Paratyphi A identified by blood culture and confirmed by serotyping from an ongoing fever surveillance cohort in an urban slum in New Delhi. Co-infections such as these have important implications on diagnosis, treatment options including choice of antimicrobial(s), disease outcome and strategy for prevention.

ROTAVAC does not interfere with the immune response to childhood vaccines in Indian infants: A randomized placebo controlled trial.

A phase III randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial was conducted in the urban neighborhoods of Delhi to assess whether Oral Rotavirus Vaccine ROTAVAC interferes with the immune response to childhood vaccines when coadministered. Infants aged 6 weeks were randomized to receive three doses of either ROTAVAC or placebo along with childhood vaccines: Oral Polio Vaccine and vaccines against Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus, Hepatitis B and type b given as Pentavalent at 6, 10, 14 weeks of age. Blood specimens were collected from all infants at baseline and 4 weeks post dose 3 to assess the immune response to antigens in Oral Polio Vaccine, Pentavalent and ROTAVAC vaccines.