Clinical Benefit of Comprehensive Genomic Profiling for Advanced Cancers in India.

Purpose: Comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) assay is increasingly used in low-middle-income countries to detect clinically relevant genomic alterations despite its clinical benefits not being well known. Here, we describe the proportion of patients with advanced cancer in India who received targeted therapy for an actionable genetic alteration identified on CGP assays.

Methods: This was a multicenter, retrospective cohort study in adult patients with advanced nonhematologic malignancies who underwent a CGP test.

MRD negative CR after azacitidine and venetoclax in a young patient with AML, unfit for intensive induction followed by ASCT.

A subset of AML patients are unfit for 7+3 induction at the time of diagnosis. Present case highlights the use of azacitidine and venetoclax in a patient with intermediate risk AML with WT-1 mutation,deemed unfit for intensive induction in view of poor general condition and comorbid illness. After venetoclax and azacitidine patient was negative for measurable residual disease but developed cerebellar toxicity after high dose cytarabine.

Change in prevalence of Coronary Heart Disease and its risk between 1991-94 to 2010-12 among rural and urban population of National Capital Region, Delhi.

Objectives: We aimed to measure the change in prevalence of Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) and Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) risk among those aged 35-64 years in urban and rural areas of National Capital Region (NCR) of Delhi, between 1991-1994 (survey 1) and 2010-2012 (survey 2).

Methods: Both surveys used similar sampling methodology and mean ages of participants were similar. A total of 3048 and 2052 subjects were studied in urban Delhi and 2487 and 1917 participants recruited from rural Ballabgarh in survey 1 and in survey 2 respectively.

A Case Report of Newly Diagnosed Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma Presenting with Spontaneous Tumor Lysis Syndrome and Its Successful Management with Rasburicase.

Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS) commonly occurs in hematological malignancies, but it is very rare in patients with a solid tumor. In cases of solid tumors, TLS usually occurs spontaneously or after the initiation of anticancer therapy, and it has a high mortality rate. This syndrome consists of a constellation of laboratory findings such as hyperuricemia, hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, and hypocalcemia known as laboratory TLS.

Changes in hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment and control rates over 20 years in National Capital Region of India: results from a repeat cross-sectional study.

Background And Objectives: Despite being one of the leading risk factors of cardiovascular mortality, there are limited data on changes in hypertension burden and management from India. This study evaluates trend in the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in the urban and rural areas of India's National Capital Region (NCR).

Design And Setting: Two representative cross-sectional surveys were conducted in urban and rural areas (survey 1 (1991-1994); survey 2 (2010-2012)) of NCR using similar methodologies.

20-Year Trend of CVD Risk Factors: Urban and Rural National Capital Region of India.

Background: The World Health Organization and the Government of India have set targets to reduce burden of noncommunicable diseases. Information on population level trend of risk factors would provide insights regarding the possibility of achieving them.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the population trends of cardiovascular disease risk factors in the National Capital Region of Delhi over 2 decades.

Registry of Youth Onset Diabetes in India (YDR): Rationale, Recruitment, and Current Status.

Background: With the aim of addressing the relative scarcity of information on youth-onset diabetes in India, the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) decided to establish the Registry of People with Diabetes with Young Age at Onset (YDR) in 2006. The major objectives of YDR are to generate information on disease pattern or types of youth-onset diabetes including their geographical variations within India and to estimate the burden of diabetes complications.

Methods: YDR is an observational multicenter clinic based registry enlisting physician diagnosed diabetes in individuals below 25 years of age.

Prevalence of generalized & abdominal obesity in urban & rural India--the ICMR-INDIAB Study (Phase-I) [ICMR- NDIAB-3].

Background & Objectives: Overweight and obesity are rapidly increasing in countries like India. This study was aimed at determining the prevalence of generalized, abdominal and combined obesity in urban and rural India.

Methods: Phase I of the ICMR-INDIAB study was conducted in a representative population of three States [Tamil Nadu (TN), Maharashtra (MH) and Jharkhand (JH)] and one Union Territory (UT)[Chandigarh (CH)] of India.

Indian Council of Medical Research consensus document for the management of gall bladder cancer.

The document is based on consensus among the experts and best available evidence pertaining to Indian population and is meant for practice in India.All postcholecystectomy gallbladder specimens should be opened and examined carefully by the operating surgeon and be sent for histopathological examination.All "incidental" gall bladder cancers (GBCs) picked up on histopathological examination should have an expert opinion.

Lessons for addressing noncommunicable diseases within a primary health-care system from the Ballabgarh project, India.

Background: Most patients with noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) can be managed appropriately at the primary care level, using a simplified standard protocol supported by low-cost drugs. The primary care response to common NCDs is often unstructured and inadequate in low- and middle-income countries. This study assessed the feasibility of integration of NCD prevention and control within the primary health-care system of India.

Glycemic control among individuals with self-reported diabetes in India--the ICMR-INDIAB Study.

Aims: This study estimated the levels of glycemic control among subjects with self-reported diabetes in urban and rural areas of four regions in India.

Research Design And Methods: Phase I of the Indian Council of Medical Research-India Diabetes (ICMR-INDIAB) Study was conducted in a representative population of three states of India (Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, and Jharkhand) and one Union Territory (Chandigarh) and covering a population of 213 million people. Using a stratified multistage sampling design, individuals ≥20 years of age were recruited.

Interaction of iron deficiency anemia and hemoglobinopathies among college students and pregnant women: a multi center evaluation in India.

Although iron deficiency anemia is very common in India, systematic large studies on the prevalence and hematological consequences of iron deficiency among carriers of β-thalassemia (β-thal) and other hemoglobinopathies are lacking. A multi center project was undertaken to screen college/university students and pregnant women for iron deficiency anemia and various hemoglobinopathies. Fifty-six thousand, seven hundred and seventy-two subjects from six states, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Karnataka, West Bengal, Assam and Punjab, were studied.

Prevalence of dyslipidemia in urban and rural India: the ICMR-INDIAB study.

Aim: To study the pattern and prevalence of dyslipidemia in a large representative sample of four selected regions in India.

Methods: Phase I of the Indian Council of Medical Research-India Diabetes (ICMR-INDIAB) study was conducted in a representative population of three states of India [Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra and Jharkhand] and one Union Territory [Chandigarh], and covered a population of 213 million people using stratified multistage sampling design to recruit individuals ≥20 years of age. All the study subjects (n = 16,607) underwent anthropometric measurements and oral glucose tolerance tests were done using capillary blood (except in self-reported diabetes).

Physical activity and inactivity patterns in India - results from the ICMR-INDIAB study (Phase-1) [ICMR-INDIAB-5].

Background: The rising prevalence of diabetes and obesity in India can be attributed, at least in part, to increasing levels of physical inactivity. However, there has been no nationwide survey in India on physical activity levels involving both the urban and rural areas in whole states of India. The aim of the present study was to assess physical activity patterns across India - as part of the Indian Council of Medical Research-India Diabetes (ICMR-INDIAB) study.

Spectrum of hemoglobinopathies among the primitive tribes: a multicentric study in India.

We evaluated the spectrum of hemoglobinopathies among the primitive tribal groups from 4 states in India. A total of 15,200 individuals from 14 primitive tribal groups were studied by automated high-performance liquid chromatography. The hemoglobin S (HbS) allele frequency varied from 0.

A hospital based study of biochemical markers of bone turnovers & bone mineral density in north Indian women.

Background & Objectives: The osteoporotic risk for women increases soon after menopause. Bone turnover markers are known to be associated with bone loss and fracture risk. This study was aimed to assess bone turnover using bone markers and their correlation with bone mineral density (BMD) in pre- and post-menopausal women.

The Indian Council of Medical Research-India Diabetes (ICMR-INDIAB) study: methodological details.

Background: Currently available estimates of diabetes prevalence in India are based on published data derived from very few studies. The Indian Council of Medical Research-India Diabetes (ICMR-INDIAB) study is a community-based survey conceived with the aim of obtaining the prevalence rates of diabetes in India as a whole, covering all 28 states, the National Capital Territory of Delhi, and two of the union territories in the mainland of India, with a total sample size of 124,000 individuals.

Methods: A stratified multistage sampling design has been used.

TNF-alpha/IL-10 ratio and C-reactive protein as markers of the inflammatory response in CAD-prone North Indian patients with acute myocardial infarction.

Background: Cytokines are responsible for the modulation of immunological and inflammatory processes and play a significant role in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD). Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha is the major pro-inflammatory cytokine while interleukin-10 (IL-10) is the major anti-inflammatory cytokine in patients with CAD. We determined the significance of the TNF/IL-10 ratio and C-reactive protein (CRP) in patients of acute myocardial infarction as a marker for CAD in the atherosclerosis-prone North Indian population.

Association of tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene promoter polymorphisms with acute viral hepatitis in the Indian population.

The key elements that determine the host response to either the self-limited or a severe fulminant form of liver disease are unclear. We have investigated the potential association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the promoter region of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) in their susceptibility to acute viral hepatitis (AVH) and fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) patients exhibiting specific viral etiology. A total of 124 individuals including 64 cases comprising 27 FHF, 37 AVH, and 60 healthy controls were recruited.

Apo-B/apo-AI ratio: a better discriminator of coronary artery disease risk than other conventional lipid ratios in Indian patients with acute myocardial infarction.

Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the developed world and is rapidly assuming epidemic proportions in developing countries including India. This has led to extensive research to determine the risk factors unique to this group which may predispose to the elevated risk of this disease. Important amongst them are lipoproteins, homocysteine, lipoprotein (a), pro-inflammatory cytokines etc.

Calcium supplementation for the prevention of pre-eclampsia.

Objective: To study the effect of calcium supplementation during pregnancy on blood pressure and maternal and neonatal outcomes.

Method: A total of 524 healthy primigravidas with a blood pressure less than 140/90 mm Hg were randomly assigned between the 12th and 25th weeks to receive 2 g of elemental calcium or placebo and were followed-up until delivery.

Results: The incidence of pre-eclampsia was significantly less in the calcium than in the placebo group (4.

TAFI antigen level variability in young healthy Asian Indians; first report from Asia.

Thrombin Activatable Fibrinolytic Inhibitor (TAFI) is a plasma protein, which inhibits fibrinolysis by removing carboxyterminal lysine residues from partially degraded fibrin thereby decreasing plasminogen binding on its surface. In this study we have investigated the antigenic level variability (Inter and Intraindividual) of Thrombin Activatable Fibrinolysis Inhibitor in 120 healthy Asian Indians since no data on this is available regarding this population. TAFI antigen levels did not show a normal distribution in our population (p<0.