Overexpression of improved EPSPS gene results in field level glyphosate tolerance and higher grain yield in rice.

Glyphosate is a popular, systemic, broad-spectrum herbicide used in modern agriculture. Being a structural analog of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), it inhibits 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) which is responsible for the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids and various aromatic secondary metabolites. Taking a lead from glyphosate-resistant weeds, two mutant variants of the rice EPSPS gene were developed by amino acid substitution (T173I + P177S; TIPS-OsEPSPS and G172A + T173I + P177S; GATIPS-OsEPSPS).

Cinnamate-CoA ligase is involved in biosynthesis of benzoate-derived biphenyl phytoalexin in Malus × domestica 'Golden Delicious' cell cultures.

Apple (Malus sp.) and other genera belonging to the sub-tribe Malinae of the Rosaceae family produce unique benzoic acid-derived biphenyl phytoalexins. Cell cultures of Malus domestica cv.

Comparative metabolomics of scab-resistant and susceptible apple cell cultures in response to scab fungus elicitor treatment.

Apple scab disease caused by the fungus Venturia inaequalis is a devastating disease that seriously affects quality and yield of apples. In order to understand the mechanisms involved in scab resistance, we performed gas chromatography-mass spectrometry based metabolomics analysis of the cell culture of scab resistant cultivar 'Florina' and scab susceptible cultivar 'Vista Bella' both prior -to and -following treatment with V. inaequalis elicitor (VIE).

A new enzymatic activity from elicitor-treated pear cell cultures converting trans-cinnamic acid to benzaldehyde.

Cell cultures of Asian pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) are known to produce benzoate-derived biphenyl phytoalexins upon elicitor treatment. Although the downstream pathway for biphenyl phytoalexin biosynthesis is almost known, the upstream route of benzoic acid biosynthesis in pear has not been completely elucidated. In the present work, we report benzaldehyde synthase (BS) activity from yeast extract-treated cell suspension cultures of P.

Molecular cloning and functional analysis of a biphenyl phytoalexin-specific O-methyltransferase from apple cell suspension cultures.

This manuscript describes the cloning and functional characterization of a biphenyl phytoalexin biosynthetic gene, 3,5-dihydroxybiphenyl O-methyltransferase from elicitor-treated cell cultures of scab resistant apple cultivar 'Florina'. Apples belong to the subtribe Malinae of the Rosaceae family. Biphenyls and dibenzofurans are the specialized phytoalexins of Malinae, of which aucuparin is the most widely distributed biphenyl.

Benzaldehyde dehydrogenase-driven phytoalexin biosynthesis in elicitor-treated Pyrus pyrifolia cell cultures.

Pyrus pyrifolia (Asian pear) cell cultures respond to yeast extract (YE) treatment by accumulating benzoate-derived biphenyl phytoalexins, namely, noraucuparin and aucuparin. Biphenyl phytoalexins are defense-marker metabolites of the sub-tribe Malinae of the family Rosaceae. The substrates for biphenyl biosynthesis are benzoyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA, which combine in the presence of biphenyl synthase (BIS) to produce 3,5-dihydroxybiphneyl.

Development and Validation of a New HPLC Method for the Determination of Biphenyl and Dibenzofuran Phytoalexins in Rosaceae.

A simple, precise, rapid and accurate isocratic reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of biphenyl (aucuparin and noraucuparin) and dibenzofuran (eriobofuran) phytoalexin from elicitor treated cell culture of Sorbus aucuparia (mountain ash). These phytoalexins play crucial role in combating scab disease in many commercially important rosaceous plants, such as apple, pear and mountain ash. The isocratic separation was performed in a Luna C18 reversed-phase column (250 × 4.