Investigating translation for Indic languages with BLOOMZ-3b through prompting and LoRA fine-tuning.

In the domain of natural language processing, the rise of Large Language Models and Generative AI represents a noteworthy transition, enabling machines to understand and generate text resembling that produced by humans. This research conducts a thorough examination of this transformative technology, with a focus on its influence on machine translation. The study explores the translation landscape between English and Indic languages, which include Hindi, Kannada, Malayalam, Tamil, and Telugu.

The potential and pitfalls of using a large language model such as ChatGPT, GPT-4, or LLaMA as a clinical assistant.

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the utility of large language models (LLMs) in healthcare, focusing on their applications in enhancing patient care through improved diagnostic, decision-making processes, and as ancillary tools for healthcare professionals.

Materials And Methods: We evaluated ChatGPT, GPT-4, and LLaMA in identifying patients with specific diseases using gold-labeled Electronic Health Records (EHRs) from the MIMIC-III database, covering three prevalent diseases-Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)-along with the rare condition, Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC), and the hard-to-diagnose condition Cancer Cachexia.

Results: In patient identification, GPT-4 had near similar or better performance compared to the corresponding disease-specific Machine Learning models (F1-score ≥ 85%) on COPD, CKD, and PBC.

Brain Connectivity Signature Extractions from TMS Invoked EEGs.

(1) Background: The correlations between brain connectivity abnormality and psychiatric disorders have been continuously investigated and progressively recognized. Brain connectivity signatures are becoming exceedingly useful for identifying patients, monitoring mental health disorders, and treatment. By using electroencephalography (EEG)-based cortical source localization along with energy landscape analysis techniques, we can statistically analyze transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)-invoked EEG signals, for obtaining connectivity among different brain regions at a high spatiotemporal resolution.

Dementia Detection from Speech Using Machine Learning and Deep Learning Architectures.

Dementia affects the patient's memory and leads to language impairment. Research has demonstrated that speech and language deterioration is often a clear indication of dementia and plays a crucial role in the recognition process. Even though earlier studies have used speech features to recognize subjects suffering from dementia, they are often used along with other linguistic features obtained from transcriptions.

Convolution-Based Encoding of Depth Images for Transfer Learning in RGB-D Scene Classification.

Classification of indoor environments is a challenging problem. The availability of low-cost depth sensors has opened up a new research area of using depth information in addition to color image (RGB) data for scene understanding. Transfer learning of deep convolutional networks with pairs of RGB and depth (RGB-D) images has to deal with integrating these two modalities.

Synthesis, antifungal and antibacterial activity of novel 1,2,4-triazole derivatives.

A large number of 1,2,4-triazole-containing ring system have been incorporated into a wide variety of therapeutically interesting drug candidates including anti-inflammatory, central nervous system stimulants, antianxiety, and antimicrobial agents. To overcome the rapid development of drug resistance, new agents should preferably have chemical characteristics that clearly differ from those of existing agents. Thus led to the design and synthesize the new antimicrobial agents.

Chalcone derivatives as potential antifungal agents: Synthesis, and antifungal activity.

Much research has been carried out with the aim to discover the therapeutic values of chalcone derivatives. Chalcones possess wide range of pharmacological activity such as antibacterial, antimalarial, antiprotozoal, antitubercular, anticancer, and antifungal agents etc. The presence of reactive α,β-unsaturated keto group in chalcones is found to be responsible for their biological activity.

Tailored stromal expansion with a refractive lenticule for crosslinking the ultrathin cornea.

We describe a technique for stromal expansion of thin and ultrathin corneas in keratoconus patients that uses refractive stromal lenticules of patients having small-incision lenticule extraction for myopic correction. The stromal lenticule is placed and spread over the host cornea following epithelial debridement so the thickest area of the 6.2 mm diameter lenticule corresponds to the thinnest area of the cone.

A hospital based study on reference range of serum prostate specific antigen levels.

Background & Objectives: Serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels are known to vary with race and ethnicity, environmental factors, lifestyle, metabolic and physiologic changes and advancing age. This study was designed to determine age specific serum PSA level in healthy Indian men and its comparison with that reported in different populations of the world.

Methods: A total of 1300 adult men who attended Executive Health Check-up programme in a tertiary care hospital in Haryana, India, were included in the study.

Comparative Analysis of Refractive and Topographic Changes in Early and Advanced Keratoconic Eyes Undergoing Corneal Collagen Crosslinking.

Purpose: To compare the refractive and topographic changes at 1 year in eyes with early and advanced keratoconus undergoing corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL). A prospective, nonrandomized comparative clinical intervention study.

Methods: Thirty eyes of patients with keratoconus underwent CXL.

Role of corneal collagen cross-linking in pseudophakic bullous keratopathy: a clinicopathological study.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical and histopathologic changes induced by collagen cross-linking (CXL) in pseudophakic bullous keratopathy (PBK).

Design: Randomized, prospective, interventional study.

Participants: Twenty-four patients with PBK were included in the study.

Results of corneal collagen cross-linking in pediatric patients.

Purpose: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) in the treatment of keratoconus in pediatric patients.

Methods: Epithelium-off CXL using the standard protocol was performed in 15 eyes from 15 patients (age range: 10 to 15 years) with moderate keratoconus in 1 eye and advanced disease in the fellow eye. Principal outcomes included uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), refraction, and topography-derived outcomes of maximum and average keratometry (K).

Sterile keratitis after corneal collagen crosslinking in a child.

Corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL) is a non invasive technique used in halting the progression of keratoconus. Complications with this modality are rare. We report a case of an 8-year-old child who developed sterile infiltrates in the immediate postoperative period after uneventful corneal collagen crosslinking for keratoconus.

Voriconazole versus natamycin as primary treatment in fungal corneal ulcers.

Background: To evaluate the efficacy of topical 1% voriconazole versus 5% natamycin in treatment of fungal corneal ulcers.

Design: A prospective, randomized pilot study in a tertiary care hospital.

Participants: Thirty patients of microbiologically proven fungal keratitis divided randomly in two groups of 15 patients each.

Attenuation of endocrine-exocrine pancreatic communication in type 2 diabetes: pancreatic extracellular matrix ultrastructural abnormalities.

Ultrastructural observations reveal a continuous interstitial matrix connection between the endocrine and exocrine pancreas, which is lost due to fibrosis in rodent models and humans with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Widening of the islet-exocrine interface appears to result in loss of desmosomes and adherens junctions between islet and acinar cells and is associated with hypercellularity consisting of pericytes and inflammatory cells in T2DM pancreatic tissue. Organized fibrillar collagen was closely associated with pericytes, which are known to differentiate into myofibroblasts-pancreatic stellate cells.