Leveraging Multi-Omics Approaches and Advanced Technologies to Unravel the Molecular Complexities, Modifiers, and Precision Medicine Strategies for Hemoglobin H Disease.

Hemoglobin H (HbH) disease, a form of alpha-thalassemia, poses significant clinical challenges due to its complex molecular underpinnings. It is characterized by reduced synthesis of the alpha-globin chain. The integration of multi-omics and precision medicine holds immense potential to comprehensively understand and capture interactions at the molecular and genetic levels.

Oestrogen treatment restores dentate gyrus development in premature newborns by IGF1 regulation.

Prematurely-born infants cared for in the neonatal units suffer from memory and learning deficits. Prematurity diminishes neurogenesis and synaptogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG). This dysmaturation of neurons is attributed to elevated PSD95, NMDR2A, and IGF1 levels.

Elevated insulin growth factor-1 in dentate gyrus induces cognitive deficits in pre-term newborns.

Prematurely born infants are deprived of maternal hormones and cared for in the stressful environment of Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs). They suffer from long-lasting deficits in learning and memory. Here, we show that prematurity and associated neonatal stress disrupt dentate gyrus (DG) development and induce long-term cognitive deficits and that these effects are mediated by insulin growth factor-1 (IGF1).

Chitosan modified 5-fluorouracil nanostructured lipid carriers for treatment of diabetic retinopathy in rats: A new dimension to an anticancer drug.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the chronic complications of diabetes. It includes retinal blood vessels' damage. If untreated, it leads to loss of vision.

Multifaceted role of synbiotics as nutraceuticals, therapeutics and carrier for drug delivery.

Synbiotics, are a combination of probiotics and prebiotics. They play an important role in metabolizing different nutritional substrates and thus helps in the maintenance of human health. Any disbalance in the gut microflora, known as dysbiosis, is known to lead to a number of diseased conditions.

Synthesis, Self-Aggregation, Surface Characteristics, Electrochemical Property, Micelle Size, and Antimicrobial Activity of a Halogen-Free Picoline-Based Surface-Active Ionic Liquid.

We present a new approach toward the design of a halogen-free picoline-based surface-active ionic liquid (SAIL) (1-octyl-4-methyl pyridinium dodecyl sulfate) [CγPic]DS consisting of long dodecyl sulfate (DS) as an anion. The surface properties, micellization behavior, and antimicrobial activity in an aqueous solution were investigated using tensiometry, conductometry, and ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy. Incorporating the DS group in SAIL leads to lower critical micellar concentration (CMC) and enhanced adsorption at the air/water interface of the functionalized ionic liquid compared to the C-alkyl chain-substituted pyridine ionic liquids.

Shh activation restores interneurons and cognitive function in newborns with intraventricular haemorrhage.

Premature infants with germinal matrix haemorrhage-intraventricular haemorrhage (GMH-IVH) suffer from neurobehavioural deficits as they enter childhood and adolescence. Yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Impaired development and function of interneurons contribute to neuropsychiatric disorders.

Cerebral gray matter injuries in infants with intraventricular hemorrhage.

While intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) predominantly damages the periventricular white matter, it induces substantial injury to the cerebral gray matter. IVH destroys the germinal matrix, suppresses neurogenesis, and disrupts corticogenesis, thereby reducing the number of neurons in the upper cortical layer and volume of the cerebral gray matter. The pathogenesis of gray matter injury is attributed to IVH-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and mass effect damaging the germinal matrix as well as to post-hemorrhagic ventricular dilation (PHVD).

Survey of antidoping knowledge, attitudes and practices amongst elite Indian sportsmen and the way forward.

Background: Indian sportspersons have reported several antidoping rule violations with several cases suggesting inadvertent use of prohibited substances. This study was designed to evaluate the anti-doping knowledge, attitudes and practices amongst elite Indian sportsmen to suggest future interventions.

Methods: This study conducted at a Sports institute used an anonymized questionnaire to survey 181 male (18-35 years old) elite young athletes' attitudes toward performance-enhancing substances and anti-doping rules.

PPAR-γ activation enhances myelination and neurological recovery in premature rabbits with intraventricular hemorrhage.

Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) results in periventricular inflammation, hypomyelination of the white matter, and hydrocephalus in premature infants. No effective therapy exists to prevent these disorders. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) agonists reduce inflammation, alleviate free radical generation, and enhance microglial phagocytosis, promoting clearance of debris and red blood cells.

Concurrent Presentation of Emphysematous Pyelonephritis, Emphysematous Osteomyelitis, and Psoas Abscesses.

Emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) is an uncommon necrotizing infection commonly seen in people with diabetes. Emphysematous osteomyelitis (EOM) is a rare form of pyogenic osteomyelitis characterized by the presence of air in the bones. A combination of both these infections has been reported only thrice in the literature.

Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) and milestones for MD sports medicine: A proposed portfolio.

Background: Sports Medicine is an upcoming postgraduate speciality in India. A MD Sports Medicine specialist is expected to contribute in the prevention of sports injuries, sportsmen training and enhancement of performance apart from being involved in planning of conduct of sports events amongst many other roles and responsibilities. This requires hands-on training and acquisition of skill sets required to perform these roles.

Recent advances in intraocular and novel drug delivery systems for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy.

: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is associated with damage to the retinal blood vessels that lead eventually to vision loss. The existing treatments of DR are invasive, expensive, and cumbersome. To overcome challenges associated with existing therapies, various intraocular sustained release and novel drug delivery systems (NDDS) have been explored.

Characteristics, Outcomes and 60-Day Hospital Mortality of ICU Patients with COVID-19 and Acute Kidney Injury.

Background: AKI has been reported in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and it is associated with higher mortality. The aim of our study is to describe characteristics, outcomes, and 60-day hospital mortality of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and AKI in the intensive care unit (ICU).

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study in which all adult patients with confirmed COVID-19 who were admitted to ICUs of Montefiore Medical Center and developing AKI were included.

Diagnosis and management of tumor lysis syndrome.

Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is an oncological emergency characterized by a classic tetrad of hyperuricemia, hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, and hypocalcemia. Risk assessment and prophylactic therapy is critical in preventing this oncological emergency. Treatment of established TLS involves aggressive hydration, electrolyte management, and the use of hypouricemic agents.

Chewable Tablets of Acacia catechu Extract, an Alternative to Betel (Paan) for Mouth Ulcers: Formulation and In vitro Evaluation.

Objective: The objective of the current research work was to prepare chewable tablets having Acacia catechu extract useful for mouth ulcers using a 3 factorial design.

Methods: Acacia catechu heartwood extract was prepared using a reported method with some modifications. The extract was characterized using TLC against the catechin marker.

Treatment Strategies Against Psoriasis: Principle, Perspectives and Practices.

Background: Psoriasis is a genetically predisposed autoimmune disease mediated by cytokines released by the activated immune cells. It manifests inflammatory, scaly red or white silvery flaky skin which may be a fluid-filled lesion with soreness and itchiness. The prevalence rate of psoriasis is increasing day by day.

Application of the Lower Extremity Functional Scale and Its Correlation with Lymphedema Health-Related Quality of Life on Lower Limb Filarial Lymphedema Patients.

This study carried out as a part of the lymphedema (LE)-osteoarthritis project to know the feasibility and applicability of lower extremity functional scale (LEFS) and LE health-related quality of life (LEHRQoL) among filarial LE patients of the lower extremity. Following inclusion and exclusion criteria 30 LE patients and 30 controls were recruited in the study. After obtaining informed written consent, Tamil version of the two "self-reporting assessment tools" LEFS and LEHRQoL were applied to all the participants by two examiners independently.

Progression to ambulation following lower limb fractures in an individual with a spinal cord injury: a case report.

Introduction: Patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) and concomitant lower limb fractures are a challenge to rehabilitate. Conventionally, postural orientation is an important milestone in the rehabilitative process. We propose an alternative strategy in achieving goals in individuals with an SCI with concomitant injuries that preclude weight bearing below the knee.

Novel Mouse Tauopathy Model for Repetitive Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Evaluation of Long-Term Effects on Cognition and Biomarker Levels After Therapeutic Inhibition of Tau Phosphorylation.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a risk factor for a group of neurodegenerative diseases termed tauopathies, which includes Alzheimer's disease and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). Although TBI is stratified by impact severity as either mild (m), moderate or severe, mTBI is the most common and the most difficult to diagnose. Tauopathies are pathologically related by the accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau (P-tau) and increased total tau (T-tau).