Publications by authors named "Deep G"
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as novel blood-based biomarkers for various pathologies. The development of methods to enrich cell-specific EVs from biofluids has enabled us to monitor difficult-to-access organs, such as the brain, in real time without disrupting their function, thus serving as liquid biopsy. Burgeoning evidence indicates that the contents of neuron-derived EVs (NDEs) in blood reveal dynamic alterations that occur during neurodegenerative pathogenesis, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), reflecting a disease-specific molecular signature.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGut dysbiosis contributes to multiple pathologies, yet the mechanisms of the gut microbiota-mediated influence on systemic and distant responses remain largely elusive. This study aimed to identify the role of nanosized bacterial extracellular vesicles (bEVs) in mediating allodynia, i.e.
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- Aging leads to loss of muscle mass and function, resulting in poorer health outcomes, decreased quality of life, and increased mortality risk among older adults.
- Small extracellular vesicles (sEV), which can be isolated from body fluids and contain specific biomarkers, offer a minimally invasive way to assess muscle health.
- Research on vervet monkeys showed that sEV from different age groups can reveal molecular changes related to muscle metabolism and regulation, suggesting they may serve as effective biomarkers for muscle health monitoring.
Acquisition of prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs) manifested during androgen ablation therapy (ABT) contributes to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). However, little is known about the specific metabolites critically orchestrating this process. Here, we show that IMPA1-derived inositol enriched in PCSCs is a key metabolite crucially maintaining PCSCs for CRPC progression and ABT resistance.
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- - The study investigates the impact of hepatic growth factor (HGF) on the secretion of small extracellular vesicles (sEV) from urine-derived stem cells (USCs), focusing on two methods of HGF delivery: bolus administration and controlled release using alginate microbeads.
- - Results indicate that the group receiving HGF through controlled release from microbeads showed a significantly higher concentration of proteins and sEV compared to both the bolus and control groups after 7 days.
- - The findings suggest that using a controlled release method for HGF significantly boosts sEV secretion from USCs, which could have implications for tissue regeneration and protection.
Mitochondria-derived vesicles: potential nano-batteries to recharge the cellular powerhouse.
Extracell Vesicles Circ Nucl Acids
June 2024
Article Synopsis
- - Mitochondrial dysfunction is a key factor in various diseases, and maintaining mitochondrial quality is essential for cell survival through mechanisms like the generation of mitochondria-derived vesicles (MDVs).
- - Recent findings suggest that MDVs vary in type and have not been fully characterized, but they play significant roles beyond quality control, including communication between organelles.
- - A study highlighted that MDVs can release functional mitochondria proteins and maintain energy production capabilities, potentially revitalizing dysfunctional mitochondria and offering insights into cellular health and disease mechanisms.
Article Synopsis
- Gut microbiome dysbiosis contributes to various health issues, and the study explores the role of bacterial extracellular vesicles (bEVs) in communication between gut microbiota and other organs.
- The research developed a method to isolate LPS+ bEVs from various biological samples and used multiple techniques to characterize them, particularly focusing on their effect on liver tissues in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice.
- Findings showed that DIO mice had lower total bEVs but higher LPS+ bEVs, with increased immune-related gene expressions in liver, indicating that bEVs might play a crucial role in the influence of gut bacteria on other body systems.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates the effects of co-using nicotine with cocaine in monkeys, highlighting that most cocaine research doesn't consider nicotine despite its common co-use in humans.
- In the first experiment with rhesus monkeys, the combination of nicotine and cocaine significantly increased drug self-administration rates, indicating a stronger reinforcing effect when both drugs were used together.
- A second experiment with cynomolgus monkeys showed that adding nicotine to cocaine enhanced its appeal, particularly in females, and the study found important changes in blood biomarkers that could provide insights into cocaine use disorders and potential treatments.
Article Synopsis
- * Experience with adult airway equipment doesn't guarantee skill in using the same tools effectively with children.
- * A specific case of a 4-year-old with a difficult airway due to postburn neck contracture was successfully managed using a video laryngoscope after an initial unsuccessful attempt with a flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope.
Article Synopsis
- Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are being explored as a promising liquid biopsy tool for diagnosing and monitoring various diseases, particularly neurological disorders.
- Researchers have focused on isolating EVs from different brain cells to gain molecular insights and potentially improve early diagnosis and treatment predictions for conditions like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and more.
- Despite challenges such as issues with specificity and standardization, advancements in EV research are paving the way for less invasive and more informative diagnostic techniques for brain-related illnesses.
Article Synopsis
- - Recent studies link BACE1 activity, along with APP and Aβ, to cancer development, highlighting BACE1's potential as a target for prostate cancer (PCa) treatment.
- - The study used various techniques to confirm BACE1 expression in human PCa tissues and cell lines and showed that BACE1 activity leads to the production of Aβ1-42, which was also detected in both tissue samples and through imaging methods.
- - Inhibition of BACE1 with MK-8931 significantly reduced PCa cell growth in laboratory models and inhibited tumor growth in mice, suggesting BACE1 has potential as a novel therapeutic target for advanced PCa.
Article Synopsis
- Brain-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are key players in Alzheimer's disease, acting as potential biomarkers due to the protection of their internal cargo from degradation.
- * A new method was developed to collect EVs from the hippocampal interstitial fluid of live mice, with specific techniques used for isolation and characterization.
- * Findings indicate that, in a model of Alzheimer’s, the protein concentration in EVs increases while protein diversity decreases with amyloid-beta deposition, and notable differences were observed based on sex regarding microglial EV proteome.
Article Synopsis
- - Extracellular vesicles (EVs) from plasma and urine show promise as a liquid biopsy for analyzing the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) activity in patients with primary hypertension.
- - The study found that urinary EVs from patients with uncontrolled hypertension had larger sizes and significantly higher chymase activity, a key enzyme in the RAS, compared to controlled patients.
- - The presence of bioactive RAS enzymes, particularly chymase, in EVs indicates a potential new mechanism for angiotensin II formation and may play a role in cell communication and signaling in the body.
Article Synopsis
- Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are tiny vesicles released by nearly all cell types, playing a crucial role in cell communication and maintenance, and are being explored as 'liquid biopsies' and cell-free therapeutics for various diseases.
- Stem cell-derived EVs (SC-EVs) have shown potential as a treatment for aging-related issues and disorders, enhancing tissue regeneration and reversing functions associated with aging, such as cognitive decline and reproductive dysfunctions.
- Research highlights the benefits of SC-EVs specifically for Alzheimer's disease, demonstrating their effectiveness in combating key disease features like amyloid plaques and neuroinflammation, along with improved cognitive performance in models studied.
Article Synopsis
- * Researchers are exploring extracellular vesicles (EVs) as promising biomarkers for various conditions, which can provide crucial information about hard-to-reach tissues in a less invasive way, akin to "liquid biopsies".
- * This study identified specific proteins in small EVs from the adipose tissue of lean and obese mice, suggesting that these EVs can help predict disease and indicate significant changes related to inflammation and amino acid metabolism associated with obesity.
Article Synopsis
- - The study investigates small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) derived from brain cells in blood to find potential biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) by analyzing microRNA (miRNA) levels in older adults with varying cognitive abilities.
- - Researchers isolated sEVs from participants with normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and AD, revealing that miRNA expression patterns significantly differentiated between these groups and correlated with brain imaging results.
- - The findings suggest that analyzing miRNAs in sEVs provides a promising, non-invasive blood-based method for detecting and monitoring Alzheimer's disease progression.
Article Synopsis
- Brain-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important in Alzheimer's disease (AD) as they contain physiological information about brain regions and could serve as AD biomarkers due to their stability in circulation.
- A new method was developed to collect these EVs from the hippocampal interstitial fluid of live mice, revealing specific characteristics and size dimensions alongside conducting proteomic analyses.
- In a mouse model of cerebral amyloidosis, findings indicated that while protein concentration in EVs increased with amyloid plaque deposition, the diversity of proteins decreased, and that these changes varied based on genotype, age, and sex, highlighting different microglial responses in female mice.
Over production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) caused by altered redox regulation of signaling pathways is common in many types of cancers. While PET imaging is recognized as the standard tool for cancer imaging, there are no clinically-approved PET radiotracers for ROS-imaging in cancer diagnosis and treatment. An ascorbate-based radio ligand promises to meet this urgent need.
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- - Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are being studied as a non-invasive method for identifying biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease, with this research focusing on neuron-enriched EVs in plasma from participants with mild cognitive impairment and their response to a modified Mediterranean-ketogenic diet versus an American Heart Association diet.
- - The study utilized various techniques, such as immunogold labeling and confocal microscopy, to validate the presence and purity of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) and highlighted that the modified diet significantly reduced levels of amyloid beta, p181-tau, and neurofilament light in participants.
- - Analysis showed that sEVs from the diet intervention were more sensitive than cerebrospinal fluid (CSF
Article Synopsis
- * Researchers treated paclitaxel-resistant prostate cancer cells with GW4869, an EV biogenesis inhibitor, and found that it reduced small EV release, inhibited cell growth, and increased cell death in a dose-dependent manner.
- * In animal models, GW4869 treatment resulted in a significant 65% reduction in tumor weight without noticeable toxicity, indicating that inhibiting EV release could make resistant prostate cancer cells more sensitive to chemotherapy.
Article Synopsis
- Recent PET studies explored the link between kappa opioid receptor (KOR) availability, social status, and cocaine choice, showing significant relationships in humans.
- The current study examined KOR availability in socially housed female and male monkeys using PET imaging and peripheral measures, focusing on differences based on social rank.
- Results indicated that subordinate female monkeys had higher KOR availability, while the opposite was seen in males, highlighting sex differences in KOR dynamics and implications for drug vulnerability.
Article Synopsis
- Bone metastasis is a major issue in cancer, significantly increasing mortality rates and harming patients' quality of life due to painful complications.
- The interaction between cancer cells and the bone marrow microenvironment plays a key role in treatment resistance and is influenced by cancer-derived exosomes, which help with the spread and colonization of cancer cells in bones.
- This text discusses how understanding exosomes can lead to better insights into bone metastasis and potential clinical applications for treatment.
Article Synopsis
- MicroRNAs (miRNAs) like miR-628-5p are important in regulating gene expression and have been identified as potential biomarkers in prostate cancer (PCa).
- This study found that the hormone leptin, linked to obesity, inhibits miR-628, leading to increased cell proliferation and migration in PCa.
- Additionally, enhancing miR-628 expression reduced cancer-related behaviors and increased sensitivity to treatments like enzalutamide and docetaxel, suggesting it could be a valuable target for advanced PCa therapies.