Secondary Neoplasms in Children with Hodgkin's Lymphoma Receiving C-MOPP and Radiotherapy: Presentation of Four Cases.

Patients who survive Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) are at increased risk of secondary neoplasms (SNs). A wide variety of SNs have been reported, including leukemias, non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, and solid tumors, specifically breast and thyroid cancers. Herein we report subsequent neoplasms in four patients with HL receiving chemoradiotherapy.

Consensus of clinical neurorestorative progress in patients with complete chronic spinal cord injury.

Currently, there is a lack of effective therapeutic methods to restore neurological function for chronic complete spinal cord injury (SCI) by conventional treatment. Neurorestorative strategies with positive preclinical results have been translated to the clinic, and some patients have gotten benefits and their quality of life has improved. These strategies include cell therapy, neurostimulation or neuromodulation, neuroprosthesis, neurotization or nerve bridging, and neurorehabilitation.

Anatomy of Meckel's cave and the trigeminal ganglion: anatomical landmarks for a safer approach to them.

Aim: Surgical approaches to Meckel's cave (MC) are often technically difficult and sometimes associated with postoperative morbidity. The relationship of surgical landmarks to relevant anatomy is important. Therefore, we attempted to delineate quantitatively their anatomy and the relationships between MC and surrounding structures.

Treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients by autologous bone marrow-derived hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a 1-year follow-up.

Background: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive loss of spinal cord and cortical motoneurons. Despite improved understanding of the mechanisms underlying ALS, in clinical practice the management of ALS remains essentially supportive and focused on symptom relief. However, over the past few years stem cell research has expanded greatly as a tool for developing potential new therapies for treating incurable neurodegenerative diseases.

Treatment of chronic spinal cord injured patients with autologous bone marrow-derived hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: 1-year follow-up.

Background: Transplanted bone marrow (BM) cells have been found to improve neurologic disease in central nervous system (CNS) injury models by generating neural cells or myelin-producing cells. The results in treated patients and animal models suggest that BM cells could potentially be used as a therapy for spinal cord injury (SCI) patients.

Methods: Nine patients with chronic complete SCI with American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale (ASIA) grade A were included in this study.

Abdominal vascular injury during lumbar disc surgery: report of three cases.

Anterior longitudinal ligament perforation and abdominal vascular injury is one of the most critical complications that may develop during lumbar disc surgery. The vascular injury-related symptoms that warns the surgeon may be late to appear; they usually turn out to be mortal. The hypotension during the operation, tachycardia and pulsatile unstoppable hemorrhage observed in the disc space are the major findings.

Critically located cavernous malformations.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical results of patients who underwent resection with the aid of microsurgical techniques and stereotactic and image-guided surgery for critically located cavernous malformations which still represent a considerable surgical challenge due to the close proximity of vital and eloquent structures.

Methods: Between 1997 and 2003, 12 patients with critically located cavernous malformations (CMs) underwent surgical resections at Ankara University Hospital. CMs of the pons (n=3), medulla oblongata (n=1), cavernous sinus (n=3), motor cortex (n=4) and the newly defined superior cerebellar peduncle (n=1) were treated using image-guidance and advanced microsurgical principles.

Synovial cyst: an uncommon cause of back pain.

Synovial cyst is an uncommon cause of back pain and radiculopathy. This case report describes the magnetic resonance imaging findings of two lumbar synovial cysts with special emphasis on the differential diagnoses of other extradural cystic lesions.

Dural and arachnoid membraneous protection of the abducens nerve at the petroclival region.

The goal of this study was to determine the membranous protection of the abducens nerve in the petroclival region. The petroclival portion of the abducens nerve was studied in ten dissections from five cadaveric head specimens. One of the heads was used for histological sections.

Zygomatic anterior subtemporal approach for lesions in the interpeduncular cistern.

The interpeduncular cistern is a difficult region to approach through conventional methods due to its deep location and important adjacent neurovascular structures. Therefore, it is usually difficult to expose the region sufficiently. Technical problems associated with various surgical approaches have led to emergence of combined approaches and their modifications (i.

Anteromedial approach to the orbit.

This study evaluated the surgical results of the anteromedial approach for treatment of orbital lesions in 16 patients. Pre- and postoperatively, all patients underwent a complete physical examination focusing on the head and neck area including a thorough ophthalmologic evaluation, computerized tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. The surgical approach was limited to a medial orbitotomy in five patients; the remaining 11 patients underwent a medial orbitotomy combined with an external sphenoethmoidectomy.

Cerebral varix simulating a meningioma: use of 3D magnetic resonance venography for diagnosis.

A rare isolated cerebral varix of a superficial convexity cortical vein was described. On conventional magnetic resonance images, the varix was initially interpreted as a meningioma but a subsequent 3D magnetic resonance venography revealed the varix and the associated venous anatomy clearly.

Evaluation of petrosal sinus patency with 3-dimensional contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance venography in petroclival meningiomas for surgical strategy.

Background: The aim of this study was to perform a detailed anatomical analysis of petroclival venous structures as well as their patencies with 3D contrast-enhanced (CE) magnetic resonance venography (MRV) and to identify the potential contribution of these data to the therapeutic approach.

Methods: Ten patients (8 women and 2 men) with unilateral petroclival meningioma were examined using 3D CE MRV in addition to conventional brain protocol. Both coronal source and multiplanar reconstructed images were evaluated for the anatomical orientation.

Olfactory groove meningiomas.

Meningiomas originating from the olfactory groove account for approximately 10% of all intracranial meningiomas. They represent only 2% of all intracranial tumors. We present the diagnostic, clinical and pathological features of olfactory groove meningiomas and describe our surgical results and complications in a series of 25 patients.

Extra-axial ependymoma of posterior fossa extending to the Meckel's cave.

An extra-axial ependymoma extending from the left cerebellopontine corner to the Meckel's cave is reported. This lesion's clinical, radiological, and histological characteristics are presented. This tumor's infrequent extra-axial location, extension to the Meckel's cave and possible origin are discussed.

Tuberculosis of the craniocervical junction: a case report.

Craniocervical tuberculosis (TB) is very rare. Despite the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and cranial tomography (CT), diagnosis of craniocervical tuberculosis is frequently difficult. In this study, we present a craniocervical tuberculosis abscess case which demonstrates the role of transoral surgery for both diagnosis and treatment.

Closed posterior superior iliac spine impeding pediculocorporeal S-1 screw insertion.

Object: Placement of pedicle screws into S-1 is difficult. In cases in which there is a closed posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS), its medial situation prevents lateral oblique placement of the screw inserter sleeve and directing the screw to the anteromedial aspect of S-1. In the present study, the authors discuss anatomical variations of the PSIS and sacrum, and they describe a safe and effective S-1 screw insertion technique.

Duplication of the abducens nerve at the petroclival region: an anatomic study.

Objective: During its course between the brainstem and the lateral rectus muscle, the abducens nerve usually travels forward as a single trunk, but it is not uncommon for the nerve to split into two branches. The objective of this study was to establish the incidence and the clinical importance of the duplication of the nerve.

Methods: The study was performed on 100 sides of 50 autopsy materials.

Communication in science.

Science must have a common language. For centuries, Latin language carried out this job, but the progress in computer technology and internet world through the last 20 years, began to produce a new language with the new century; the computer language. The information masses, which need data language standardization, are the followings; Digital libraries and medical education systems, Consumer health informatics, Medical education systems, World Wide Web Applications, Database systems, Medical language processing, Automatic indexing systems, Image processing units, Telemedicine, New Generation Internet (NGI).

Magnetic resonance imaging and computerized tomography images in a case of pituitary abscess.

A 29-year-old male patient with clinical manifestations of panhypopituitarism and diabetes insipidus is presented. The clinical and laboratory evaluation of the pituitary reserve confirmed a total pituitary insufficiency. Computed tomography (CT) scan demonstrated a low-density lesion suggesting a pituitary tumor with suprasellar extension, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a pituitary mass with decreased signal intensity on T1-weighted images and capsular contrast enhancement after gadolinium injection.

Comprehensive microsurgical anatomy of the jugular foramen and review of terminology.

The microsurgical anatomy of the jugular foramen was studied in 12 formalin preserved cadavers (24 foramina) and 40 dry-skulls (80 foramina). The jugular foramen was exposed by microsurgical dissection with drilling from a superior to inferior direction. Observations regarding dural architecture of the jugular foramen and relationships between neurovascular structures passing through the foramen were noted in cadavers.

The neurosurgical management of prolactinomas.

Background: The objective was to discuss the neurosurgical management of the prolactinomas.

Methods: Five-hundred-fifty patients suffering from prolactinoma were treated with trans-sphenoidal and transcranial approach. The diagnosis of prolactinoma was based on various degree of high level prolactinemia, galactorrhea, gonodal disturbance, neurological examination and radiological findings.

Anatomical study of the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus, emphasizing dural construction and neural relations.

This study aims to determine the microscopic anatomy of the layers of the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus (CS) and, in particular, intends to examine the location and relations of the dural openings on the deep layer. Forty sides of 20 formalin-fixed and fresh cadavers were dissected and their CS examined. In 12 cases we found an opening on the deep dural layer; however, in four of them the inferolateral trunk of the internal carotid artery (ICA) was identified through these dural openings.