A dive into the physiological responses to maximal apneas, O and CO tables in apnea novices.

Purpose: Apnea duration is dependent on three factors: oxygen storage, oxygen consumption, hypoxia and hypercapnia tolerance. While current literature focuses on maximal apneas to improve apnea duration, apnea trained individuals use timed-repeated submaximal apneas, called "O and CO tables". These tables claim to accommodate the body to cope with hypoxia and hypercapnia, respectively.

Apnoea as a novel method to improve exercise performance: A current state of the literature.

Acute breath-holding (apnoea) induces a spleen contraction leading to a transient increase in haemoglobin concentration. Additionally, the apnoea-induced hypoxia has been shown to lead to an increase in erythropoietin concentration up to 5 h after acute breath-holding, suggesting long-term haemoglobin enhancement. Given its potential to improve haemoglobin content, an important determinant for oxygen transport, apnoea has been suggested as a novel training method to improve aerobic performance.

Correlation between oral muscle pressure and malocclusion in mixed dentition: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between oral muscle pressure and malocclusion in the mixed dentition.

Materials And Methods: Maximum tongue, lip and cheek pressure was measured using the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI) in 3 patient cohorts: patients with (1) posterior crossbite, (2) class II relationship and (3) a control group of patients without malocclusion. Linear models were used to compare the mean differences in muscle pressure between groups, with correction for age and gender.

Global Alliance for the Promotion of Physical Activity: the Hamburg Declaration.

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including coronary heart disease, stroke, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, dementia, depression and cancers, are on the rise worldwide and are often associated with a lack of physical activity (PA). Globally, the levels of PA among individuals are below WHO recommendations. A lack of PA can increase morbidity and mortality, worsen the quality of life and increase the economic burden on individuals and society.

Photobiomodulation Controls Keratinocytes Inflammatory Response through Nrf2 and Reduces Langerhans Cells Activation.

Photobiomodulation (PBM) is rapidly gaining traction as a valuable tool in dermatology for treating many inflammatory skin conditions using low levels of visible light or near-infrared radiation. However, the physiological regulatory pathways responsible for the anti-inflammatory effect of PBM have not been well defined. Since previous studies showed that nuclear factor-erythroid 2 like 2 (Nrf2) is a master regulator of the skin inflammatory response, we have addressed its role in controlling inflammation by PBM.

S-Palmitoylation of Tyrosinase at Cysteine Regulates Melanogenesis.

Palmitoylation is a lipid modification involving the attachment of palmitic acid to a cysteine residue, thereby affecting protein function. We investigated the effect of palmitoylation of tyrosinase, the rate-limiting enzyme in melanin synthesis, using a human three-dimensional skin model system and melanocyte culture. The palmitoylation inhibitor, 2-bromopalmitate, increased melanin content and tyrosinase protein levels in melanogenic cells by suppressing tyrosinase degradation.

Six weeks of static apnea training does not affect Hbmass and exercise performance.

Acute apnea is known to induce decreases in oxyhemoglobin desaturation (SpO) and increases in erythropoietin concentration ([EPO]). This study examined the potential of an apnea training program to induce erythropoiesis and increase hematological parameters and exercise performance. Twenty-two male subjects were randomly divided into an apnea and control group.

Multilevel Meta-Analysis of Individual Participant Data of Single-Case Experimental Designs: One-Stage versus Two-Stage Methods.

To conduct a multilevel meta-analysis of multiple single-case experimental design (SCED) studies, the individual participant data (IPD) can be analyzed in one or two stages. In the one-stage approach, a multilevel model is estimated based on the raw data. In the two-stage approach, an effect size is calculated for each participant and these effect sizes and their sampling variances are subsequently combined to estimate a meta-analytic multilevel model.

Safety and efficacy of a novel home-use device for light-potentiated (LED) skin treatment.

Skin structure and function results from a dynamic interplay between dermal and epidermal cell types. Optimizing skin health through an effective and long-lasting skin care regime therefore requires a global approach, encompassing various mechanisms to stimulate this interplay beyond the action scope of a classical topical solution. This study evaluates the impact of a novel home-use device combining a topical serum, light-emitting diodes and massage on the clinical signs of extrinsic skin aging.

Estimating outcome-specific effects in meta-analyses of multiple outcomes: A simulation study.

In meta-analysis, primary studies often include multiple, dependent effect sizes. Several methods address this dependency, such as the multivariate approach, three-level models, and the robust variance estimation (RVE) method. As for today, most simulation studies that explore the performance of these methods have focused on the estimation of the overall effect size.

The application of meta-analytic (multi-level) models with multiple random effects: A systematic review.

In meta-analysis, study participants are nested within studies, leading to a multilevel data structure. The traditional random effects model can be considered as a model with a random study effect, but additional random effects can be added in order to account for dependent effects sizes within or across studies. The goal of this systematic review is three-fold.

Multilevel meta-analysis of multiple regression coefficients from single-case experimental studies.

The focus of the current study is on handling the dependence among multiple regression coefficients representing the treatment effects when meta-analyzing data from single-case experimental studies. We compare the results when applying three different multilevel meta-analytic models (i.e.

Avoid or engage? Outcomes of graded exposure in youth with chronic pain using a sequential replicated single-case randomized design.

Pain-related fear is typically associated with avoidance behavior and pain-related disability in youth with chronic pain. Youth with elevated pain-related fear have attenuated treatment responses; thus, targeted treatment is highly warranted. Evidence supporting graded in vivo exposure treatment (GET) for adults with chronic pain is considerable, but just emerging for youth.

TSPO Versus P2X7 as a Target for Neuroinflammation: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study.

Neuroinflammation is important in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is a promising target for neuroinflammation. The objective of this study was to compare F-DPA714, a second-generation translocator protein tracer, with C-JNJ717, a novel P2X7R tracer, in vitro and in vivo in ALS.

MultiSCED: A tool for (meta-)analyzing single-case experimental data with multilevel modeling.

The MultiSCED web application has been developed to assist applied researchers in behavioral sciences to apply multilevel modeling to quantitatively summarize single-case experimental design (SCED) studies through a user-friendly point-and-click interface embedded within R. In this paper, we offer a brief introduction to the application, explaining how to define and estimate the relevant multilevel models and how to interpret the results numerically and graphically. The use of the application is illustrated through a re-analysis of an existing meta-analytic dataset.

Discovery of N-(4-[F]Fluoro-5-methylpyridin-2-yl)isoquinolin-6-amine (JNJ-64326067), a New Promising Tau Positron Emission Tomography Imaging Tracer.

In Alzheimer's disease, the density and spread of aggregated tau protein track well with neurodegeneration and cognitive decline, making the imaging of aggregated tau a compelling biomarker. A structure-activity relationship exploration around an isoquinoline hit, followed by an exploration of tolerated fluorination positions, allowed us to identify 9 (JNJ-64326067), a potent and selective binder to aggregated tau with a favorable pharmacokinetic profile and no apparent off-target binding. This was confirmed in rat and monkey positron emission tomography studies using [F]9.

Concealed correlations meta-analysis: A new method for synthesizing standardized regression coefficients.

The synthesis of standardized regression coefficients is still a controversial issue in the field of meta-analysis. The difficulty lies in the fact that the standardized regression coefficients belonging to regression models that include different sets of covariates do not represent the same parameter, and thus their direct combination is meaningless. In the present study, a new approach called concealed correlations meta-analysis is proposed that allows for using the common information that standardized regression coefficients from different regression models contain to improve the precision of a combined focal standardized regression coefficient estimate.

Analysis of single-case experimental count data using the linear mixed effects model: A simulation study.

When (meta-)analyzing single-case experimental design (SCED) studies by means of hierarchical or multilevel modeling, applied researchers almost exclusively rely on the linear mixed model (LMM). This type of model assumes that the residuals are normally distributed. However, very often SCED studies consider outcomes of a discrete rather than a continuous nature, like counts, percentages or rates.

Distinct [F]THK5351 binding patterns in primary progressive aphasia variants.

Purpose: To assess the binding of the PET tracer [F]THK5351 in patients with different primary progressive aphasia (PPA) variants and its correlation with clinical deficits. The majority of patients with nonfluent variant (NFV) and logopenic variant (LV) PPA have underlying tauopathy of the frontotemporal lobar or Alzheimer disease type, respectively, while patients with the semantic variant (SV) have predominantly transactive response DNA binding protein 43-kDa pathology.

Methods: The study included 20 PPA patients consecutively recruited through a memory clinic (12 NFV, 5 SV, 3 LV), and 20 healthy controls.

A demonstration and evaluation of the use of cross-classified random-effects models for meta-analysis.

It is common for the primary studies in meta-analyses to report multiple effect sizes, generating dependence among them. Hierarchical three-level models have been proposed as a means to deal with this dependency. Sometimes, however, dependency may be due to multiple random factors, and random factors are not necessarily nested, but rather may be crossed.

Methodological quality of meta-analyses of single-case experimental studies.

Background: Methodological rigor is a fundamental factor in the validity and credibility of the results of a meta-analysis.

Aim: Following an increasing interest in single-case experimental design (SCED) meta-analyses, the current study investigates the methodological quality of SCED meta-analyses.

Methods And Procedures: We assessed the methodological quality of 178 SCED meta-analyses published between 1985 and 2015 through the modified Revised-Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews (R-AMSTAR) checklist.

Increased Expression of Translocator Protein (TSPO) Marks Pro-inflammatory Microglia but Does Not Predict Neurodegeneration.

Purpose: Activation of the innate immune system plays a significant role in pathologies of the central nervous system (CNS). In order to follow disease progression and evaluate effectiveness of potential treatments involved in neuroinflammation, it is important to track neuroinflammatory markers in vivo longitudinally. The translocator protein (TSPO) is used as a target to image neuroinflammation as its expression is upregulated in reactive glial cells during CNS pathologies.