Decomposing the Brain in Autism: Linking Behavioral Domains to Neuroanatomical Variation and Genomic Underpinnings.

Background: Autism is accompanied by highly individualized patterns of neurodevelopmental differences in brain anatomy. This variability makes the neuroanatomy of autism inherently difficult to describe at the group level. Here, we examined inter-individual neuroanatomical differences using a dimensional approach that decomposed the domains of social communication and interaction (SCI), restricted and repetitive behaviors (RRB), and atypical sensory processing (ASP) within a neurodiverse study population.

Snap Diagnosis: Developing an Artificial Intelligence Algorithm for Penile Cancer Detection from Photographs.

: Penile cancer is aggressive and rapidly progressive. Early recognition is paramount for overall survival. However, many men delay presentation due to a lack of awareness and social stigma.

Baseline Nodal Status on Ga-PSMA-11 Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography in Men with Intermediate- to High-risk Prostate Cancer Is Prognostic for Treatment Failure: Follow-up of the proPSMA Trial.

Background And Objective: There is uncertainty regarding the clinical significance of Ga-PSMA-11 positron emission tomography (PET) computed tomography (CT) findings in men with prostate cancer. In this prespecified objective of the proPSMA study, we report the prognostic value of PET-defined nodal involvement.

Methods: Men with intermediate- to high-risk prostate cancer (grade group 3-5, prostate-specific antigen [PSA] ≥20 ng/ml, or clinical stage ≥T3) underwent Ga-PSMA-11 PET-CT or CT and bone scanning as first- or second-line imaging.

Conceptual framework for data harmonisation in mental health using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health: an example with the R2D2-MH consortium.

Introduction: Advancing research and support for neurologically diverse populations requires novel data harmonisation methods that are capable of aligning with contemporary approaches to understanding health and disability.

Objectives: We present the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) as a conceptual framework to support harmonisation of mental health data and present a proof of principle within the Risk and Resilience in Developmental Diversity and Mental Health (R2D2-MH) consortium.

Method: 138 measures from various mental health datasets were linked to the ICF following the WHO's established linking rules.

Asymmetry of attentive networks contributes to adult Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) pathophysiology.

Diffusion imaging studies in Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have revealed alterations in anatomical brain connections, such as the fronto-parietal connection known as superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF). Studies in neurotypical adults have shown that the three SLF branches (SLF I, II, III) support distinct brain functions, such as attention and inhibition; and that their pattern of lateralization is associated with attention performance. However, most studies in ADHD have investigated the SLF as a single bundle and in children; thus, the potential contribution of the lateralization of the SLF branches to adult ADHD pathophysiology remains to be elucidated.

PSMA PET/CT patterns of recurrence after mono-brachytherapy in men with low and intermediate prostate cancer and subsequent management.

Purpose: Brachytherapy as monotherapy is a recommended treatment option for men with low to intermediate risk prostate cancer. Local recurrence is difficult to identify. This study investigated PSMA PET/CT for recurrence after brachytherapy, as well as their subsequent management when recurrence occurred only within the prostate.

Age-related differences in delta-beta phase-amplitude coupling in autistic individuals.

Objective: We aim to investigate the relationship between the core symptoms of autism, anxiety levels, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) traits, and a non-autism-specific, neurophysiological metric, the Delta-Beta phase-amplitude coupling (PAC), extracted from the resting-state EEG for autistic and non-autistic populations across three different age groups (children, adolescents, and adults).

Methods: We analyze the eyes-open resting-state EEG of 371 individuals. We applied a phase de-biasing PAC algorithm expected to result in a more accurate PAC estimate than other PAC methodologies available in the literature.

Cost-utility Analysis of Navigate, a Treatment Decision Aid for Men with Prostate Cancer and Their Partners, in Comparison to Usual Care.

Background And Objective: Evidence on the cost effectiveness of decision aids to guide management decisions for men with prostate cancer is limited. We examined the cost utility of the Navigate online decision aid for men with prostate cancer in comparison to usual care (no decision aid).

Methods: A Markov model with a 10-yr time horizon was constructed from a government health care perspective.

Unique Functional Neuroimaging Signatures of Genetic Versus Clinical High Risk for Psychosis.

Background: 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22qDel) is a copy number variant that is associated with psychosis and other neurodevelopmental disorders. Adolescents who are at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR) are identified based on the presence of subthreshold psychosis symptoms.

Frontal and occipital brain glutathione levels are unchanged in autistic adults.

Background: The neurobiological underpinnings of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are diverse and likely multifactorial. One possible mechanism is increased oxidative stress leading to altered neurodevelopment and brain function. However, this hypothesis has mostly been tested in post-mortem studies.

Neoadjuvant lutetium PSMA, the TIME and immune response in high-risk localized prostate cancer.

High-risk localized prostate cancer remains a lethal disease with high rates of recurrence, metastases and death, despite attempts at curative local treatment including surgery. Disease recurrence is thought to be a result of failure of local control and occult micrometastases. Neoadjuvant strategies before surgery have been effective in many cancers, but, to date, none has worked in this setting for prostate cancer.

From neurons to brain networks, pharmacodynamics of stimulant medication for ADHD.

Stimulants represent the first line pharmacological treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and are among the most prescribed psychopharmacological treatments. Their mechanism of action at synaptic level has been extensively studied. However, it is less clear how their mechanism of action determines clinically observed benefits.

Performance and Interpretation of Lung Scintigraphy: An Evaluation of Current Practices in Australia, Canada, France, Germany, and United States.

Purpose: Although ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) scintigraphy is a widely used imaging test, different options are possible for the acquisition and interpretation of the scan. The aim of this study was to assess current practices regarding the use and interpretation of lung scintigraphy in various clinical indications.

Patients And Methods: An online survey comprising 25 questions was sent to nuclear medicine departments in Australia, Canada, France, Germany, and United States between 2022 and 2023.

Readability Assessment of Patient Education Materials on Uro-oncological Diseases Using Automated Measures.

Background And Objective: Readability of patient education materials is of utmost importance to ensure understandability and dissemination of health care information in uro-oncology. We aimed to investigate the readability of the official patient education materials of the European Association of Urology (EAU) and American Urology Association (AUA).

Methods: Patient education materials for prostate, bladder, kidney, testicular, penile, and urethral cancers were retrieved from the respective organizations.