Contribution of public oral pathology services to the diagnosis of oral and oropharyngeal cancer in Brazil.

This study aimed to evaluate the contribution of oral and maxillofacial pathology laboratories (OMPLs) in Brazilian public universities to the diagnosis of lip, oral cavity, and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). A cross-sectional study was performed using biopsy records from a consortium of sixteen public OMPLs from all regions of Brazil (North, Northeast, Central-West, Southeast, and South). Clinical and demographic data of patients diagnosed with lip, oral cavity, and oropharyngeal SCC between 2010 and 2019 were collected from the patients' histopathological records.

Oral and oropharyngeal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and high-grade B-cell lymphoma: A clinicopathologic and prognostic study of 69 cases.

Objective: The objective of this study was to describe the clinicopathological, molecular, and prognostic features of oral/oropharyngeal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and high-grade B-cell lymphoma.

Study Design: All cases were retrieved from 7 Brazilian institutions. Immunohistochemical reactions were performed to confirm the diagnoses and to categorize the tumors.

Mesenchymal Stem Cell Marker Expression in Periapical Abscess.

Introduction: There is evidence that acute periapical lesions present a greater potential for cyst formation. Recently, it was found that these lesions have cells with characteristics of pluripotent stem cells, which may influence cyst development. However, a more complete phenotype investigation of stem cells in a specific sample of periapical abscesses is required.

Nuclear metallothionein in oral squamous cell carcinoma: clinicopathological parameters and patient survival.

The aim of this study was to identify the immunoexpression of methallothionein in oral squamous cell carcinoma as well as to address the correlation with clinical features, histological grade and patient survival. Samples were collected from 93 patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma who presented for follow-up. Immunohistochemical expression of methallothionein in all groups was performed.

Lugol Chromoscopy in the Follow-up of Head and Neck Carcinoma.

Introduction: Lugol is helpful in identifying early second primary tumors (SPTs) during oroscopy and pharyngoscopy, but this technique has not been assessed during follow-up visits with these patients.

Aim: The aim of this study is to describe the use of Lugol (a low-cost method) to diagnose SPTs in the oral cavity and oropharynx.

Methods: Patients treated for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck were randomly assigned to two groups.

Chondroblastic osteosarcoma mimicking periapical abscess.

Case Report: The present report describes a case of chondroblastic osteosarcoma in the periapical region of teeth #29, #30, and #31 of an 18-year-old male. Clinical history showed self-reported discomfort in the right posterior gingiva for over a month. Physical examination showed a small expansion and redness of the right mandibular buccal and lingual cortical plates, but no signs of pain or inflammation were observed.

Stem Cell Marker Expression in Persistent Apical Periodontitis.

Introduction: This study evaluated the expression of CD90 (mesenchymal stem cell) and Sox2 (progenitor stem cell) markers in persistent apical periodontitis (PAP) (n = 16) and primary periapical lesions (PPLs) (n = 10).

Methods: All samples were classified histologically according to the intensity of inflammatory cell infiltrate in the periapical lesion. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect CD90 and Sox2 in PAP and PPLs.

Neuroblastoma-like schwannoma of the lower labial mucosa: a rare morphologic variant of peripheral nerve sheath tumor.

Neuroblastoma-like schwannoma is a rare variant of benign nerve sheath neoplasia, which is histologically characterized by small round neoplastic Schwann cells radially arranged around collagenous cores with a configuration of rosette-like structures. We report the first documented case of neuroblastoma-like schwannoma of the oral cavity in a 26-year-old male patient who presented with swelling in the lower labial mucosa.

An unusual case of four simultaneous eruption cysts in an infant.

Eruption cyst is a benign lesion with favorable prognosis that may occur during the primary or permanent dental eruption. The purpose of this paper is to report the case of an infant who presented with multiple eruption cysts (ECs), describe their clinical and histological features, and discuss the treatment performed. The first ECs occurred around the primary mandibular central incisors when the patient was seven months old, which ruptured spontaneously.

Oestrogens and androgen receptors in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Objective: To investigate the gender-related expressions of androgen (AR), estrogen alpha (ERα) and beta (ERβ) receptors and aromatase enzyme in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC).

Materials And Methods: A total of 60 cases of OSCC (30 from males and 30 from females) were retrieved and submitted to immunohistochemistry. Also, steroid expression was studied in two OSCC cell lines using Western blotting and immunofluorescence.

Burkitt's lymphoma of the jaws in the Amazon region of Brazil.

Objective: To describe the clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical features of Burkitt's lymphoma of the jaws in 7 patients of Northern Brazil.

Study Design: Clinical data concerning gender, age, affected site, clinical presentation, symptomatology and follow-up were collected from the clinical files. Histopathology was complemented with a broad immunohistochemical panel and in situ hybridization for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV).

E-cadherin downregulation and Twist overexpression since early stages of oral carcinogenesis.

There is some evidence of Twist participation in oral carcinogenesis; however, little is known about its interaction with E-cadherin in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) development. This experimental study included an immunohistochemical analysis of Twist and E-cadherin proteins in paraffin-embedded specimens of oral leukoplakia (OL), OSCC, and normal oral mucosa. In addition, it was also performed a Western blot and double-immunofluorescence analysis of Twist and E-cadherin expression in OSCC cell lines.

Effects of celecoxib treatment over the AKT pathway in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Celecoxib, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that selectively inhibits cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), has shown an important anticarcinogenic effect for the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma. The use of COX-2 inhibitors has effectively inhibited the growth of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines, while a recent phase 1 trial demonstrated good response rate of cancer cells to this drug with minimal toxicity. Possible targets of celecoxib include proteins involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis control.

An in vitro study showing the three-dimensional microenvironment influence over the behavior of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Objectives: The Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) ranks sixth worldwide. The mechanisms of growth, invasion and metastasis of this pathology are extensively studied and generally related to specific variations in signaling pathways like the PI3K-Akt; however most of these competent studies have been performed bidimensionally, which may hide important questions. This study sought to analyze the influence of the microenvironment upon the behavior of HNSCC.

Evaluation of microRNA expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines and in primary culture of oral keratinocytes.

Objective: Functional in vitro studies are fundamental to understand the role of microRNAs, small non coding RNA molecules that function as post-transcriptional regulators, in cancer. The objective of this study was to determine the applicability of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines and human oral keratinocytes as models for functional studies on microRNAs previously identified as deregulated in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas.

Methods: The expression level of four microRNAs was assessed in cell lines and in primary cultures of oral keratinocytes using specific real-time polymerase chain reactions.

Regional odontodysplasia: management of an acute case with a scanning electron microscope.

Regional odontodysplasia (RO) is an uncommon, nonhereditary, odontogenic developmental disturbance characterized by hypoplasia and hypocalcification of the dental tissues that produce so-called "ghost teeth." This report describes a case of a 2.5-year-old girl who came to the clinic with RO affecting her right maxillary arch.

TWIST and p-Akt immunoexpression in normal oral epithelium, oral dysplasia and in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunoexpression of TWIST and p-Akt proteins in oral leukoplakia (OL) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), correlating their expressions with the histological features of the lesions.

Study Design: Immunohistochemical studies were carried out on 10 normal oral epithelium, 30 OL and 20 OSCC formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples. Immunoperoxidase reactions for TWIST and p-Akt proteins were applied on the specimens and the positivity of the reactions was calculated for 1000 epithelial cells.

Vimentin expression and the influence of Matrigel in cell lines of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Vimentin is a cytoeskeletal intermediate filament protein commonly observed in mesenchymal cells; however, it can also be found in malignant epithelial cells. It is demonstrated in several carcinomas, such as those of the cervix, breast and bladder, in which it is widely used as a marker of the epithelial to mesenchymal transition that takes place during embryogenesis and metastasis. Vimentin is associated with tumors that show a high degree of invasiveness, being detected in invasion front cells.

HOXB5 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Unlabelled: Human HOX genes encode transcription factors that act as master regulators of embryonic development. They are important in several processes such as cellular morphogenesis and differentiation. The HOXB5 gene in particular has been reported in some types of neoplasm, but not in oral cancer.

Fine needle aspiration biopsy in the oral cavity and head and neck region.

The objective of the current study was to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of submucous nodules from the oral cavity and head and neck region as an auxiliary diagnostic tool. Fifty patients with nodule lesions in the oral cavity and the head and neck region were selected. All of them were submitted to FNAB and to either incisional or excisional biopsy.

The immunohistochemical profile of oral inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors.

Objective: The aim of this study was to demonstrate the immunohistochemical profile of oral inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMTs) along with morphologic analysis.

Study Design: Three cases diagnosed as oral IMTs were selected to compile an immunohistochemical panel constituted by calponin, caldesmon, Bcl-2, desmin, fibronectin, CD68, Ki-67, S100, anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), α-smooth muscle actin, cytokeratins AE1/AE3, muscle-specific actin, CD34, and vimentin. An oral squamous cell carcinoma with a focal area of desmoplastic stroma was used as control for the stained myofibroblastic cells.

Myoepithelioma of the soft palate: a case report giving special attention to the differential diagnosis.

Background: Myoepitheliomas are rare tumours that may generally arise from the minor or major salivary glands. The differential diagnosis of this tumour should be performed along with several benign and malignant soft tissue neoplasms. The present case report describes an asymptomatic mass that arose in the soft palate of 42 year old black woman with duration of the six months.

Immunoexpression of Ki67, proliferative cell nuclear antigen, and Bcl-2 proteins in a case of ameloblastic fibrosarcoma.

Ameloblastic fibrosarcoma (AFS), regarded as the malignant counterpart of the benign ameloblastic fibroma, is an extremely rare odontogenic neoplasm with only 68 cases reported in the English literature up to 2009. It is composed of a benign odontogenic epithelium, resembling that of ameloblastoma, and a malignant mesenchymal part exhibiting features of fibrosarcoma. Due to the rarity of the lesion, little is known about its molecular pathogenesis; therefore, in the current study, we sought to evaluate the immunoexpression of Ki67, proliferative cell nuclear antigen, and Bcl-2 proteins in AFS, comparing the results obtained with its benign counterpart, as well as to report a new case of this rare entity affecting a 19-year-old female patient.

Different expression patterns of pAkt, NF-κB and cyclin D1 proteins during the invasion process of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: an in vitro approach.

Background: Several signaling pathways are involved in the progression of squamous cell carcinoma. Among them, activated PI3K/Akt may result in NF-κB nuclear translocation, thus leading to the transcription of genes enrolled in cellular invasion and proliferation, such as cyclin D1. This study sought to evaluate the expression of pAkt, NF-κB and cyclin D1 proteins in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines and their respective in vitro-obtained invasive clones.

Influence of laser photobiomodulation on collagen IV during skeletal muscle tissue remodeling after injury in rats.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of GaAlAs low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on collagen IV remodeling of the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle in rats after cryolesion.

Background: Considerable interest exists in skeletal muscle regeneration in situations such as repair after exercise-induced muscle injury, after muscle transplantation, in muscular dystrophy, exercise-induced muscle injury, and the recovery of strength after atrophy due to disuse. A number of studies have demonstrated the potential of LLLT in facilitating the muscle-healing process; however, no consensus is found in the literature regarding the best laser-irradiation parameters.