The Delicate Balancing of Pros and Cons in the Surgical Management of Hyperparathyroidism in a Young Female with Germline Variant in the CDC73 Gene.

Hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome is a rare form of syndromic primary hyperparathyroidism. We describe a young female with a history of common precursor B acute lymphoblastic leukaemia who was diagnosed with overt primary hyperparathyroidism due to a pathogenic CDC73 variant (c.25C > T).

No longer to be ignored: Hypophosphatemia following intravenous iron administration.

Intravenous iron supplementation is increasingly used to safely and effectively correct iron deficiency anemia, but some formulations are linked to a renal phosphate wasting syndrome which is mediated by fibroblast growth factor 23. Unawareness among prescribers and the nonspecific clinical symptoms of hypophosphatemia result in underreporting of this complication. Even though it is often an asymptomatic and self-limiting condition, accumulating evidence from case reports and dedicated randomized controlled trials show that IV iron induced hypophosphatemia may be associated with clinical symptoms.

Management of autosomal dominant hypocalcemia type 1: Literature review and clinical practice recommendations.

Purpose: Autosomal Dominant Hypocalcemia type 1 (ADH1), caused by gain-of-function variants in the calcium-sensing receptor (CASR), is characterized by a variable degree of hypocalcemia and hypercalciuria with inappropriately low PTH. The clinical spectrum is broad, ranging from being asymptomatic to presenting with severe clinical features of hypocalcemia and end-organ damage such as nephrolithiasis and intracerebral calcifications. Although the underlying pathophysiology is different, ADH1 patients are often managed as patients with 'classical' primary hypoparathyroidism, possibly leading to (exacerbation of) hypercalciuria.

Apalutamide-induced severe hypothyroidism: case series and practice recommendations for thyroid management.

The androgen receptor signaling inhibitor apalutamide is used successfully for the treatment of prostate cancer. An increased risk of hypothyroidism, mostly subclinical, has been reported in the SPARTAN and TITAN trials. We present three cases of subacute deterioration of previously known but well-controlled hypothyroidism treated with levothyroxine, occurring shortly after the initiation of treatment with apalutamide, resulting in severe hypothyroidism.

Endocrine manifestations in adults with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: a retrospective single-center cohort study.

Introduction And Objective: Patients with the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) frequently display cardiological and psychiatric diseases, but are also at increased risk for endocrine manifestations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the screening, prevalence, and management of hypoparathyroidism and thyroid disease in patients with 22q11DS, to evaluate the metabolic profile, and to compare these results with current literature and guidelines.

Changes in bone and mineral homeostasis after short-term androgen deprivation therapy with or without androgen receptor signalling inhibitor - substudy of a single-centre, double blind, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial.

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) patients treated with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) have an increased fracture risk. Exploring biomarkers for early bone loss detection is of great interest.

Methods: Pre-planned substudy of the ARNEO-trial (NCT03080116): a double blind, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial performed in high-risk PCa patients without bone metastases between March 2019 and April 2021.

Germline founder variant c.1998delinsTTCT in the RET oncogene: a cohort study in 15 Belgian families.

Objective: The c.1998delinsTTCT variant in the RET gene (codon 666) is linked to medullary thyroid carcinoma in Belgium. We aimed to study the clinical phenotype and the age-dependent penetrance in predictive variant carriers.

Testosterone Restores Body Composition, Bone Mass, and Bone Strength Following Early Puberty Suppression in a Mouse Model Mimicking the Clinical Strategy in Trans Boys.

Transgender youth increasingly present at pediatric gender services. Some of them receive long-term puberty suppression with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues (GnRHa) before starting gender-affirming hormones (GAH). The impact of GnRHa use started in early puberty on bone composition and bone mass accrual is unexplored.

Androgen therapy does not prevent bone loss and arterial calcifications in male rats with chronic kidney disease.

Patients suffering from chronic kidney disease (CKD) often experience bone loss and arterial calcifications. It is unclear if hypogonadism contributes to the development of these complications and whether androgen therapy might prevent them. Male adult rats were randomized into four groups.

The effect of testosterone treatment on bone mineral density in Klinefelter syndrome: A retrospective cohort study.

Background: Although Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is the most frequent sex-hormone disorder, there is ongoing uncertainty about the often associated sex-hormone deficiency, its impact on common comorbidities, and therefore about prevention and treatment. In this study, we focus on bone loss, reported to occur in over 40% of KS patients, and the impact of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) on this comorbidity.

Objectives: This single-center retrospective cohort study in a tertiary hospital compared the effect of treatment with TRT to no TRT on evolution of bone mineral density (BMD) in KS patients.

Endocrine-related adverse conditions in patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibition: an ESE clinical practice guideline.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have revolutionized cancer treatment but are associated with significant autoimmune endocrinopathies that pose both diagnostic and treatment challenges. The aim of this guideline is to provide clinicians with the best possible evidence-based recommendations for treatment and follow-up of patients with ICI-induced endocrine side-effects based on the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system. As these drugs have been used for a relatively short time, large systematic investigations are scarce.

Higher Thyroid fT3-to-fT4 Ratio Is Associated with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes.

Aim: To determine the association between thyroid function and the risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Methods: This case−control study was a sub-analysis of the BEDIP-N study, in which 199 GDM women were matched for age and body mass index with 398 controls. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (fT4), free triiodothyronine (fT3), and thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibodies were measured at 6−14 weeks and 26−28 weeks during pregnancy.

Bone health in ageing men.

Osteoporosis does not only affect postmenopausal women, but also ageing men. The burden of disease is projected to increase with higher life expectancy both in females and males. Importantly, osteoporotic men remain more often undiagnosed and untreated compared to women.

TPO antibody status prior to first radioactive iodine therapy as a predictive parameter for hypothyroidism in Graves' disease.

Objective: We investigated whether a positive thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO Ab) status before radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy in patients with Graves' hyperthyroidism is a predictive factor for developing hypothyroidism post RAI.

Methods: We performed a retrospective study of patients with Graves' hyperthyroidism with known TPO Ab status, receiving the first administration of RAI. Patients from four thyroid outpatient centres in Belgium receiving their first RAI therapy between the years 2011 and 2019 were studied.

Inactivation of AR or ERα in Extrahypothalamic Neurons Does not Affect Osteogenic Response to Loading in Male Mice.

Failure of bone mass maintenance in spite of functional loading is an important contributor to osteoporosis and related fractures. While the link between sex steroids and the osteogenic response to loading is well established, the underlying mechanisms are unknown, hampering clinical relevance. Androgens inhibit mechanoresponsiveness in male mice, but the cell type mediating this effect remains unidentified.

Combining data to perform population-based observational studies: know your sources. The case of thyroid cancer in Belgium.

Background: Large scale observational studies are crucial to study thyroid cancer incidence and management, known to vary in time and place. Combining cancer registry data with other data sources enables execution of population-based studies, provided data sources are accurate. The objective was to compare thyroid tumour and treatment information between the available data sources in Belgium.

Use of thyroid hormones in hypothyroid and euthyroid patients: a THESIS* survey of Belgian specialists *THESIS: treatment of hypothyroidism in Europe by specialists: an international survey.

Background: Hypothyroidism is a topic that continues to provoke debate and controversy with regards to specific indications, type of thyroid hormone substitution and efficacy. We investigated the use of thyroid hormones in clinical practice in Belgium, a country where currently only levothyroxine (LT4) tablet formulations are available.

Method: Members of the Belgian Endocrine Society were invited to respond to an online questionnaire.

The impact of androgen deprivation therapy on bone mineral density in men treated for paraphilic disorder: A retrospective cohort study.

Background: Guidelines suggest treating men with paraphilic disorder with androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT). However, little evidence is available about the long-term impact on bone loss and how to manage this adverse event.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to assess the impact of ADT on bone mineral density (BMD) in men treated for paraphilic disorder with the androgen receptor blocker cyproterone acetate (CPA) and/or GnRH agonist triptoreline (GnRHa) and to evaluate the effect of treatment with bisphosphonates.

Radiation Treatment for Inoperable Local Relapse of Parathyroid Carcinoma With Symptomatic Hypercalcemia: A Case Report.

Background: Parathyroid carcinoma (PC) is an extremely rare malignancy, characterized by slow progression, frequent recurrences and difficult-to-control hypercalcemia which is typically the main contributor to the morbidity and mortality of these patients. Patients often undergo repeated surgical resections, whether or not in combination with adjuvant radiation treatment. The role of radiation therapy within the symptomatic treatment of PC currently remains unclear.

Antiseizure medications and thyroid hormone homeostasis: Literature review and practical recommendations.

Thyroid hormones play an essential role in central nervous system development, normal physiological brain function, and repair mechanisms. On one hand, thyroid hormone alterations influence cortical excitability, and on the other hand antiseizure medications (ASMs) are associated with alterations in thyroid hormone metabolism. Although this interaction has long been described, and epilepsy is a common and chronic neurological disease, studies describing the interplay are often small and retrospective.

F-FDG PET/CT Sheds Light on a Case of Hyponatremia.

A 76-y-old man with hypoosmolar hyponatremia of unknown origin was referred to the nuclear medicine department for F-FDG PET/CT to exclude a malignant cause. Increased F-FDG uptake in both adrenal glands was observed and investigated.