Health effects associated with exposure to intimate partner violence against women and childhood sexual abuse: a burden of proof study.

The health impacts of intimate partner violence against women and childhood sexual abuse are not fully understood. Here we conducted a systematic review by comprehensively searching seven electronic databases for literature on intimate partner violence-associated and childhood sexual abuse-associated health effects. Following the burden of proof methodology, we evaluated the evidence strength linking intimate partner violence and/or childhood sexual abuse to health outcomes supported by at least three studies.

Estimating the global health impact of gender-based violence and violence against children: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol.

Introduction: Exposure to gender-based violence (GBV) and violence against children (VAC) can result in substantial morbidity and mortality. Previous reviews of health outcomes associated with GBV and VAC have focused on limited definitions of exposure to violence (ie, intimate partner violence) and often investigate associations only with predefined health outcomes. In this protocol, we describe a systematic review and meta-analysis for a comprehensive assessment of the impact of violence exposure on health outcomes and health-related risk factors across the life-course.

Effects of L-Carnitine on Mineral Metabolism in the Multicentre, Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo-Controlled CARNIDIAL Trial.

Background: The use of L-carnitine has been proposed in haemodialysis (HD) when deficiency is present to improve anaemia resistant to erythropoietin stimulating agent, intradialytic hypotension or cardiac failure. We tested the effects of L-carnitine supplementation on parameters of chronic kidney disease-mineral bone disorder.

Methods: CARNIDIAL was a randomized, double-blinded trial having included 92 incident HD subjects for a 1-year period to receive L-carnitine versus placebo.

Treatment tolerance and patient-reported outcomes favor online hemodiafiltration compared to high-flux hemodialysis in the elderly.

Large cohort studies suggest that high convective volumes associated with online hemodiafiltration may reduce the risk of mortality/morbidity compared to optimal high-flux hemodialysis. By contrast, intradialytic tolerance is not well studied. The aim of the FRENCHIE (French Convective versus Hemodialysis in Elderly) study was to compare high-flux hemodialysis and online hemodiafiltration in terms of intradialytic tolerance.

Sirolimus therapy may cause cardiac tamponade.

The side-effects associated with the immunosuppressive drug sirolimus are numerous and constitute a major limitation for its use in renal transplantation. In this study, we describe two cases of renal transplant recipients treated with sirolimus who developed pericardial tamponade associated with interstitial pneumonia, proteinuria, microcytic anemia and, in one case, lymphocytic meningitidis. An extensive search for infectious agents was negative, and all symptoms disappeared after sirolimus interruption.

L-carnitine treatment in incident hemodialysis patients: the multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled CARNIDIAL trial.

Background: L-carnitine levels decrease rapidly and steadily with duration of hemodialysis, and carnitine depletion can impair response to recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO). The study hypothesis was that L-carnitine supplementation during the first year of hemodialysis would improve this response.

Design, Setting, Participants, & Measurements: From October 2006 through March 2010, this multicenter, randomized, double-blinded study assigned 92 incident hemodialysis patients to receive placebo or 1 g of intravenous L-carnitine after each dialysis session for 1 year.

Renal failure and occupational exposure to organic solvents: what work-up should be performed?

The etiological work-up of a disease with an occupational component, such as renal failure associated with exposure to organic solvents, may include several complementary investigations. The authors discussed certain elements of the etiological work-up in the light of a clinical case, particularly the individual and collective advantages and disadvantages of this work-up. Further investigations would not have provided the patient with any individual or collective benefit and were therefore not performed, whereas other investigations (environmental studies, screening of fellow workers) may provide collective rather than individual benefits, but must be decided by a multidisciplinary approach.

[Coronary artery disease and coronary angioplasty in chronic hemodialysis patients].

Chronic renal insufficiency leads to many cardiovascular complications and provide worst prognosis, especially when patients need hemodialysis. The atherosclerosis of chronic hemodialysis patients is qualified as "accelerated" by some authors, because of a very fast and large progression. To improve prognosis, it seems to be very important to detect and treat the frequent and serious underlying cardiovascular disease.

[Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma revealed by proteinuria: a case report].

We report the case of an intravascular large B-cell lymphoma in a 49-year-old woman, which was revealed by proteinuria. This type of lymphoma is very rare and corresponds to the proliferation of malignant lymphoid cells within the lumina of small vessels, resulting in ischemic lesions involving mainly brain and skin. Renal involvement is quite rare and remains asymptomatic, being discovered at autopsy.

[Optimization of enoxaparin dose in the prevention of coagulation in the circuits of hemodialysis: results of a multicenter study].

In order to define the optimal dosage of a low molecular weight enoxaparine (Lovenox) in the prevention of clotting in extracorporeal circulation during hemodialysis, a multicentre trial was conducted in 72 patients dialysed in seven hemodialysis units. During three weeks, these patients received as antithrombic treatment a single injection of enoxaparine at the beginning of the session. The initial dose fixed by previous data concerning dialysis with high hemorrhagic risks patients was 0.

Reversal effects of topical retinoic acid on the skin of kidney transplant recipients under systemic corticotherapy.

The systemic long-term corticosteroid treatment administered to kidney graft recipients (KGR) within the framework of the required immunosuppressive therapy induces an atrophy of the skin, from the sixth month onwards. We studied the effect of topical all-trans retinoic acid (0.05%; Galderma Labs.

Chronic hepatitis in kidney allograft recipients.

98 HBsAg-positive and 31 HBsAg-negative kidney recipients were compared to assess the effect of renal transplantation on chronic liver disease and vice versa. Diagnosis was based on analysis of liver biopsy specimens including semiquantitative evaluation of histological features of chronic hepatitis. Serial specimens were examined: chronic liver disease occurred in 88% of HBsAg-positive patients and 4% of HBsAg-negative patients with normal liver at the time of transplantation.

Molecular typing of nosocomial isolates of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 3.

In Paris, France, an outbreak of pneumonia due to Legionella pneumophila serogroup 3 was observed in Necker (four cases) and Pitié (six cases) hospitals. Neither the 10 clinical isolates nor 5 tap water isolates from Necker Hospital harbored plasmids. Clinical and environmental serogroup 3 isolates and serogroup 3 reference strain Bloomington 2 were analyzed by chromosomal probe fingerprinting.

Detection of human cytomegalovirus DNA in liver biopsies from patients with cytomegalovirus-related liver disease.

Infection with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) has been associated with severe diseases in immunologically impaired patients. Cytomegalovirus hepatitis has been frequently described in this population, but this diagnosis is still difficult. Molecular hybridization with the V EcoRI restriction fragment of human cytomegalovirus strain AD 169 has been tested upon DNA extracted from liver samples to assess the usefulness of this technique for cytomegalovirus hepatitis diagnosis.

Lymphadenopathy in renal transplant patients treated with immunosuppressive antibodies (OKT3 and anti-thymocyte globulin). A report of nine cases.

A clinicopathological study of nine patients who developed systemic lymphadenopathy following renal transplantation and immunosuppressive therapy (OKT3 and anti-thymocyte globulin) showed a rapidity of onset and disappearance of lymphadenopathy (nine of nine cases), a frequent association of systemic signs (nine of nine cases), and a heterogeneity of histological patterns ranging from diffuse lymphoid hyperplasia to one incorrectly considered to be immunoblastic lymphoma. The coexpression of both light chains was useful in the exclusion of the diagnosis of B lymphoma. These posttransplant lymphoproliferative syndromes seem to represent an allergic reaction to the introduction of foreign protein resembling serum sickness rather than a viral infection favored by immunosuppression, although in one case (with pseudolymphomatous features) a virus was the likely mechanism.

[Comparison of the implantation and metabolic activity of human and rat fecal flora administered to axenic rats].

Gnotobiotic rodents are increasingly used as a model for studying in vivo the characteristics of human colonic flora. However, the value of this model has been poorly assessed. In this study fecal bacterial flora provided either by a conventional rat (group RFR) or by man (group RFH) was administered orally to two groups of 6 germ-free rats.

Granulocyte-associated immunoglobulins in renal transplant recipients with cytomegalovirus infection.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections in renal transplant recipients must be diagnosed rapidly, since they can be life-threatening unless chemotherapy is started early. Detection of granulocyte-associated immunoglobulins was compared with conventional virological methods for diagnosis of CMV infection in 71 renal transplant recipients. The granulocyte-associated immunoglobulin test (GAIT) was positive in 31 of 34 patients with proven CMV infections on the day of admission.

One-month prophylactic use of OKT3 in cadaver kidney transplant recipients.

Fifty-five recipients of first cadaveric renal allografts were randomly assigned to three treatment groups in order to compare the safety and efficacy of a mouse antihuman T cell monoclonal antibody (OKT3) given prophylactically for a one-month period. This long period of administration was made possible by concomitant administration of azathioprine. The immune response against the foreign immunoglobulin was thus delayed and decreased in both intensity and severity, and OKT3 treatment could be given during almost the entire month in the majority of patients.

Antibiotic-lock technique: a new approach to optimal therapy for catheter-related sepsis in home-parenteral nutrition patients.

During a cumulated survey of 286 months, covering 11 gastroenterological patients under nocturnal-cyclic home parenteral nutrition, 24 cases of catheter-related sepsis were observed (one/11.9 months). None of these were associated with focus of infection at the cutaneous entry point or at the subcutaneous tunnel of the catheters.

Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis B-related viral infection in renal transplant recipients. A prospective study of 90 patients.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection may induce severe hepatitis and affect long-term survival of kidney transplant recipients. Persistent viral infection has been shown to occur despite the absence of usual serologic markers. The liver and serum HBV deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) status of 90 patients were studied prospectively; recently transplanted patients, both hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive and negative, with and without liver disease, were investigated with HBV serology, serum HBV DNA, and liver histology.