Circulating biomarkers of airflow limitation across the life span.

Background: Airflow limitation is a hallmark of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, which can develop through different lung function trajectories across the life span. There is a need for longitudinal studies aimed at identifying circulating biomarkers of airflow limitation across different stages of life.

Objectives: This study sought to identify a signature of serum proteins associated with airflow limitation and evaluate their relation to lung function longitudinally in adults and children.

Prenatal exposure to RSV season influences first-year risk of RSV lower respiratory illness and RSV-specific immune responses assessed at birth.

Maternal-to-fetal transmission of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) has been shown to occur but whether late prenatal exposure to RSV season influences offspring postnatal RSV-lower respiratory illness (LRI) risk in early life or RSV immune status at birth is unclear. In this study, the duration of third trimester RSV season exposure was determined for 1,094 newborns of the Tucson Children's Respiratory Study (TCRS) and found to show an inverse relation to risk for first RSV-LRI in the first year. Cord blood anti-RSV antibody is related to third trimester RSV season exposure but not to first year RSV-LRI risk.

Circulating CC16 and Asthma: A Population-based, Multicohort Study from Early Childhood through Adult Life.

Club cell secretory protein (CC16) is an antiinflammatory protein highly expressed in the airways. CC16 deficiency has been associated with lung function deficits, but its role in asthma has not been established conclusively. To determine ) the longitudinal association of circulating CC16 with the presence of active asthma from early childhood through adult life and ) whether CC16 in early childhood predicts the clinical course of childhood asthma into adult life.

Association of Childhood Respiratory Status with Adult Occupational Exposures in a Birth Cohort.

People with better early-life respiratory health may be more likely to work in occupations with high workplace exposures in adult life compared with people with poor respiratory health. This may manifest as a healthy worker effect bias, potentially confounding the analysis of environmental exposure studies. To evaluate associations between lung function in adolescence and occupational exposures at initial adult employment.

Creatine Kinase Is Decreased in Childhood Asthma.

The identification of novel molecules associated with asthma may provide insights into the mechanisms of disease and their potential clinical implications. To conduct a screening of circulating proteins in childhood asthma and to study proteins that emerged from human studies in a mouse model of asthma. We included 2,264 children from eight birth cohorts from the Mechanisms of the Development of ALLergy project and the Tucson Children's Respiratory Study.

Maternal prenatal immunity, neonatal trained immunity, and early airway microbiota shape childhood asthma development.

Background: The path to childhood asthma is thought to initiate in utero and be further promoted by postnatal exposures. However, the underlying mechanisms remain underexplored. We hypothesized that prenatal maternal immune dysfunction associated with increased childhood asthma risk (revealed by low IFN-γ:IL-13 secretion during the third trimester of pregnancy) alters neonatal immune training through epigenetic mechanisms and promotes early-life airway colonization by asthmagenic microbiota.

Epithelial cell responses to rhinovirus identify an early-life-onset asthma phenotype in adults.

Background: The study of pathogenic mechanisms in adult asthma is often marred by a lack of precise information about the natural history of the disease. Children who have persistent wheezing (PW) during the first 6 years of life and whose symptoms start before age 3 years (PW) are much more likely to have wheezing illnesses due to rhinovirus (RV) in infancy and to have asthma into adult life than are those who do not have PW (PW).

Objective: Our aim was to determine whether nasal epithelial cells from PW asthmatic adults as compared with cells from PW asthmatic adults show distinct biomechanistic processes activated by RV exposure.

Club cell secretory protein and lung function in children with cystic fibrosis.

Background: Club cell secretory protein (CC16) exerts anti-inflammatory functions in lung disease. We sought to determine the relation of serum CC16 deficits and genetic variants that control serum CC16 to lung function among children with cystic fibrosis (CF).

Methods: We used longitudinal data from CF children (EPIC Study) with no positive cultures for Pseudomonas aeruginosa prior to enrollment.

High Insulin in Early Childhood Is Associated with Subsequent Asthma Risk Independent of Body Mass Index.

Background: Asthma and obesity are major, interconnected public health challenges that usually have their origins in childhood, and for which the relationship is strengthened among those with insulin resistance.

Objective: To determine whether high insulin in early life confers increased longitudinal risk for asthma independent of body mass index.

Methods: The study used data from the Tucson Children's Respiratory Study (TCRS) and the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC).

The GSDMB rs7216389 SNP is associated with chronic rhinosinusitis in a multi-institutional cohort.

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a multifactorial disease with a high co-occurrence with asthma. In this multicohort study, we tested whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with childhood asthma and rhinovirus (RV)-associated disease are related to an increased susceptibility to adult CRS in a multicohort retrospective case-control study.

Methods: Participants at two tertiary academic rhinology centers, University of Arizona (UofA) and University of Pennsylvania (UPenn) were recruited.

Managing respiratory emergencies at school: A county-wide stock inhaler program.

Background: A total of 15 states allow schools to manage respiratory emergencies among multiple students by using a single albuterol inhaler (stock inhaler) paired with a disposable holding chamber.

Objective: Our aim was to evaluate implementation barriers and facilitators, as well as satisfaction with a stock inhaler program across K through12 schools in Pima County, Arizona.

Methods: All public, charter, private, and parochial schools were offered supplies, web-based training, and technical assistance at no cost.

Chromosome 17q12-21 Variants Are Associated with Multiple Wheezing Phenotypes in Childhood.

Birth cohort studies have identified several temporal patterns of wheezing, only some of which are associated with asthma. Whether 17q12-21 genetic variants, which are closely associated with asthma, are also associated with childhood wheezing phenotypes remains poorly explored. To determine whether wheezing phenotypes, defined by latent class analysis (LCA), are associated with nine 17q12-21 SNPs and if so, whether these relationships differ by race/ancestry.

Comorbidities, Cardiovascular Therapies, and COVID-19 Mortality: A Nationwide, Italian Observational Study (ItaliCO).

Italy has one of the world's oldest populations, and suffered one the highest death tolls from Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) worldwide. Older people with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and in particular hypertension, are at higher risk of hospitalization and death for COVID-19. Whether hypertension medications may increase the risk for death in older COVID 19 inpatients at the highest risk for the disease is currently unknown.

Fetal Origins of Asthma: A Longitudinal Study from Birth to Age 36 Years.

Deficits in infant lung function-including the ratio of the time to reach peak tidal expiratory flow to the total expiratory time (tptef/te) and maximal expiratory flow at FRC (V̇maxFRC)-have been linked to increased risk for childhood asthma. To examine the individual and combined effects of tptef/te and V̇maxFRC in infancy on risk for asthma and abnormalities of airway structure into mid-adult life. One hundred eighty participants in the Tucson Children's Respiratory Study birth cohort had lung function measured by the chest-compression technique in infancy (mean age ± SD: 2.

Asthma as an outcome: Exploring multiple definitions of asthma across birth cohorts in the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes Children's Respiratory and Environmental Workgroup.

Asthma definitions vary widely across research studies and feature a trade-off between inclusivity and precision. Harmonizing definitions across multiple asthma birth cohort studies highlights these challenges.

CC16 Levels into Adult Life Are Associated with Nitrogen Dioxide Exposure at Birth.

Lung function and growth are adversely associated with nitrogen dioxide (NO) exposure. Lower levels of circulating club cell secretory protein (CC16) in childhood are also associated with subsequent decreased lung function. NO exposure may induce epithelial damage in lungs and alter club cell proliferation and morphology.

The Integrated Clinical Education Strategic Initiatives Project-Development of Parameters to Guide Harmonization in Clinical Education: A Scoping Review.

Background: Clinical education curricular models specifically related to integrated clinical education (ICE) vary across physical therapist education programs. The interconnectedness of ICE to the advancement of a shared vision for clinical education in professional physical therapist education needs investigating.

Purpose: The purpose of this scoping review was to: (1) define ICE, (2) define baseline expectations and parameters of ICE, and (3) discern and describe current ICE models.

Non-atopic rhinitis at age 6 is associated with subsequent development of asthma.

Background: It has been postulated that the association between allergic rhinitis and asthma is attributable to the progressive clinical expression of respiratory inflammation during childhood. The role of non-allergic rhinitis in early life in relation to subsequent asthma has not been extensively explored.

Objective: We sought to determine whether rhinitis in early life was associated with risk of asthma development into adulthood, and whether this relationship is independent of allergic sensitization.

Maternal Cytokine Profiles during Pregnancy Predict Asthma in Children of Mothers without Asthma.

Little is known about whether maternal immune status during pregnancy influences asthma development in the child. We measured cytokine production in supernatants from mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood immune cells collected during and after pregnancy from the mothers of children enrolled in the Tucson Infant Immune Study, a nonselected birth cohort. Physician-diagnosed active asthma in children through age 9 and a history of asthma in their mothers were assessed through questionnaires.